Abstract
Risks and benefits of transgenic crop plants should be evaluated not only by assessing pollen flow, but also by considering soil persistence of transgenic products, such as Bt toxins, which can accumulate in the soil and remain active for a long time. Moreover, transgenic plants are often ploughed under as crop residues, representing a potential hazard for non-target arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, a group of beneficial plant symbionts fundamental for soil fertility. In this study we monitored the effects of transgenic corn plants (Bt 11 and Bt 176) and their residues on AM fungal growth and root colonization ability. Both transgenic plants decreased mycorrhizal colonization and Bt 11 plant residues negatively affected mycorrhizal establishment by indigenous endophytes, four months after their incorporation into soil.
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Claims 3
Claim · model-written summary
Bt 11 corn decreased mycorrhizal colonization.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Material
- Bt 11e1
- Treatment
- transgenic plantse0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizale0symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal colonizatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both transgenic plants decreased mycorrhizal colonization”
e1“transgenic corn plants (Bt 11 and Bt 176)”
t0“transgenic corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Bt 176 corn decreased mycorrhizal colonization.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- Bt 176e1
- Treatment
- transgenic plantse0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizale0symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal colonizatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both transgenic plants decreased mycorrhizal colonization”
e1“transgenic corn plants (Bt 11 and Bt 176)”
t0“transgenic corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Bt 11 plant residues negatively affected indigenous mycorrhizal establishment four months after soil incorporation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- Bt 11e0
- Treatment
- Bt 11 plant residuese0
- Interactor
- indigenous endophytese0symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal establishment by indigenous endophytese0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
- Qualifier
- four months after their incorporation into soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bt 11 plant residues negatively affected mycorrhizal establishment by indigenous endophytes, four months after their incorporation into soil.”
t0“transgenic corn”
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