Abstract
For each of the plantation-and natural-grown Korean Pines(Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.)four sample trees had been selected in this study.In first place,results for comparison of the anatomical features and physico-mechanical properties of the fast- (plantation-)(a)and slow-grown(natural-grown)(b)Korean Pine timbers have been shown.Secondly,with the plantation-grown material the writers have proven the Turn- bull's hypothesis that the increase in density of coniferous wood from the pith outwards is determined solely by age from the pith and has nothing to do with ring-width.These conclusions may be indicated as follows: 1.In diameter growth,(a)grows 4 times faster more than(b);in length growth, about 3 times,(a)vs.(b).Tracheids in(a)are longer(ca.31%)and larger(early- wood,11%;latewood,28%)than in(b).Latewood percentage and density of(a)are 28% and 2% lower respectively than(b);but strength properties have been shown about the same.In case of comparison on their corresponding rings,(a)is generally heavier and stronger than(b).Thus the fact that the rapid growth,high yields and good qualities of Korean Pine timbers could be reached by a proper silvicultural treatment has been proven. 2.From pith outwards,tracheid length and growth ring width decrease more ap- parently;except the first few years,the variations of the diameter of tracheids,per- centage of both latewood and cell wall are small and fluctuate irregularly.The density and strength of(a)reach the maximum value at 9th to 18th growth rings;in(b),at 30th to 70th growth rings. 3.Upwards from height at 1.3—11.3 meters within a growth ring or scope of growth rings,tracheid length increases,but latewood percentage,density and so forth decrease.The strength properties except(b)the maximum value of which occurs at height of 5.3—7.3 meters and tends to increase outwards before 50 rings from pith,de- crease upwards. 4.The number of resin canals is in direct proportion to the width of growth rings. They are mostly distributed in the summerwood bands or(and)the transitional regions of early-and summerwood.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Plantation pine diameter growth was more than four times faster than natural growth.
Verbatim
t0“KOREAN PINES”
e0“In diameter growth,(a)grows 4 times faster more than(b)”
Claim · model-written summary
Plantation pine length growth was about three times natural growth.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“KOREAN PINES”
e0“in length growth, about 3 times,(a)vs.(b)”
Claim · model-written summary
Plantation tracheids were about 31% longer.
Verbatim
t0“KOREAN PINES”
e0“Tracheids in(a)are longer(ca.31%)and larger(early- wood,11%;latewood,28%)than in(b).”
Claim · model-written summary
Plantation early-wood tracheids were 11% larger.
Verbatim
t0“KOREAN PINES”
e0“Tracheids in(a)are longer(ca.31%)and larger(early- wood,11%;latewood,28%)than in(b).”
Claim · model-written summary
Plantation latewood tracheids were 28% larger.
Verbatim
t0“KOREAN PINES”
e0“Tracheids in(a)are longer(ca.31%)and larger(early- wood,11%;latewood,28%)than in(b).”
Claim · model-written summary
Plantation latewood percentage was 28% lower.
Verbatim
t0“KOREAN PINES”
e0“Latewood percentage and density of(a)are 28% and 2% lower respectively than(b)”
Claim · model-written summary
Plantation density was 2% lower.
Verbatim
t0“KOREAN PINES”
e0“Latewood percentage and density of(a)are 28% and 2% lower respectively than(b)”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall strength properties were about the same.
Verbatim
t0“KOREAN PINES”
e0“strength properties have been shown about the same”
Claim · model-written summary
At corresponding rings plantation wood was generally heavier and stronger.
Verbatim
t0“KOREAN PINES”
e0“In case of comparison on their corresponding rings,(a)is generally heavier and stronger than(b).”
Claim · model-written summary
From pith outward, tracheid length and ring width decreased.
Verbatim
t0“KOREAN PINES”
e0“From pith outwards,tracheid length and growth ring width decrease more ap- parently”
Claim · model-written summary
Outside the first few years, tracheid diameter, latewood percentage and cell wall percentage varied little and irregularly.
Verbatim
t0“KOREAN PINES”
e0“except the first few years,the variations of the diameter of tracheids,per- centage of both latewood and cell wall are small and fluctuate irregularly”
Claim · model-written summary
Plantation density and strength peaked at growth rings 9 to 18.
Verbatim
t0“KOREAN PINES”
e0“The density and strength of(a)reach the maximum value at 9th to 18th growth rings”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural-grown density and strength peaked at rings 30 to 70.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“KOREAN PINES”
e0“in(b),at 30th to 70th growth rings”
Claim · model-written summary
Tracheid length increased upward along the stem.
Verbatim
t0“KOREAN PINES”
e0“Upwards from height at 1.3—11.3 meters within a growth ring or scope of growth rings,tracheid length increases”
Claim · model-written summary
Latewood percentage and density decreased upward.
Verbatim
t0“KOREAN PINES”
e0“latewood percentage,density and so forth decrease”
Claim · model-written summary
Strength generally decreased upward, with a natural-grown maximum at 5.3 to 7.3 m.
Verbatim
t0“KOREAN PINES”
e0“The strength properties except(b)the maximum value of which occurs at height of 5.3—7.3 meters and tends to increase outwards before 50 rings from pith,de- crease upwards.”
Claim · model-written summary
Resin canal number was directly proportional to ring width.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“KOREAN PINES”
e0“The number of resin canals is in direct proportion to the width of growth rings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Resin canals were mostly in summerwood and transition regions.
- Taxon
- KOREAN PINESt0
- Outcome
- mostly distributed in the summerwood bands or(and)the transitional regions of early-and summerwoode0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“KOREAN PINES”
e0“They are mostly distributed in the summerwood bands or(and)the transitional regions of early-and summerwood.”
Claim · model-written summary
Plantation wood density increased outward with age from pith, independent of ring width.
Verbatim
t0“KOREAN PINES”
e0“the increase in density of coniferous wood from the pith outwards is determined solely by age from the pith and has nothing to do with ring-width”