Abstract
Cell death in higher plants has been widely observed in predictable patterns throughout development and in response to pathogenic infection. Genetic, biochemical, and morphological evidence suggests that these cell deaths occur as active processes and can be defined formally as examples of programmed cell death (PCD). Intriguingly, plants have at least two types of PCD, an observation that is also true of PCD in animals (Schwartz, L. M., Smith, W. W., Jones, M. E. E. & Osborne, B. A. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 980-984). Thus, in plants, PCD resembles either a common form of PCD seen in animals called apoptosis or it resembles a morpho- logically distinct form of cell death. The ubiquitous occurrence and necessity of PCD for plant development and defense suggest that the underlying mechanisms of regulation and execution of these processes merit further examination.
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Claims 3
Claim · model-written summary
Cell death in higher plants has been widely observed in predictable patterns during development and in response to pathogenic infection.
- Taxon
- higher plantsEmbryophytae0
- Organ / stage
- developmente0
- Treatment
- pathogenic infectione0
- Outcome
- Cell deathe0
Verbatim
e0“Cell death in higher plants has been widely observed in predictable patterns throughout development and in response to pathogenic infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants have at least two types of programmed cell death.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Outcome
- types of PCDe1
- Value
- at least twoe1
Verbatim
e1“Intriguingly, plants have at least two types of PCD”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend that the underlying mechanisms of PCD regulation and execution in plants be examined further.
Verbatim
e2“The ubiquitous occurrence and necessity of PCD for plant development and defense suggest that the underlying mechanisms of regulation and execution of these processes merit further examination”