Abstract
The aim of the research is to study the nature of wheat production cost in Saladhin province by using sprinkler irrigation and comparing it with gravity irrigation. From costs data costs function could be estimated in order to derive optimum area of wheat by using sprinkler irrigation and comparing it with the optimum area of the crop by using traditional irrigation. This research depended on data derived from stratified random sample for wheat farmers in Saladhin province for the production season 2001-2002. The sample included 223 farmers using traditional irrigation representing 77% of the total population and 65 farmers using sprinkler irrigation representing 23% of the total population which amounted to 288 farmers. The results showed that 63.27% of farm labour in the province depended on family labour before harvesting while this percentage decreased during and after harvesting to about 36.73%. The hired labour employed before harvesting formed 27.66% and during and after harvesting formed 72.34% of total labour. The results of gravity irrigation for IPA cultivar that the optimum area is 39.5 hectares while the percentage of the cultivar farms while achieved economies of scale were 79%. The results of sprinkler irrigation for the same cultivar showed that the optimum area was 36.5 hectares while the percentage of the cultivar farms which achieved economies of scale were 88%. The results also showed that the economic efficiency of the sprinkler irrigation farmers was better than the gravity irrigation farmers as the IPA cultivar using sprinkler irrigation a level of economic efficiency of 89% of total farms, while it achieved on economic efficiency of 64% in gravity. Part of Ph.D. dissertation of the first author
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Family labour supplied 63.27% of farm labour in the province before harvesting.
- Taxon
- bread wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- farm labour in the province depended on family labour before harvestinge0
- Value
- 63.27%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BREAD WHEAT”
e0“63.27% of farm labour in the province depended on family labour before harvesting while this percentage decreased during and after harvesting to about 36.73%”
Claim · model-written summary
The share of farm labour from family labour decreased to about 36.73% during and after harvesting, compared with before harvesting.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- farm labour in the province depended on family laboure0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 36.73%e0
- Qualifier
- during and after harvestinge0
- Comparator
- before harvestinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BREAD WHEAT”
e0“63.27% of farm labour in the province depended on family labour before harvesting while this percentage decreased during and after harvesting to about 36.73%”
Claim · model-written summary
Hired labour employed before harvesting formed 27.66% of total labour.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- hired labour employed before harvestinge1
- Value
- 27.66%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BREAD WHEAT”
e1“The hired labour employed before harvesting formed 27.66% and during and after harvesting formed 72.34% of total labour”
Claim · model-written summary
Hired labour during and after harvesting formed 72.34% of total labour.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- hired laboure1
- Value
- 72.34%e1
- Qualifier
- during and after harvestinge1
- Comparator
- employed before harvestinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BREAD WHEAT”
e1“The hired labour employed before harvesting formed 27.66% and during and after harvesting formed 72.34% of total labour”
Claim · model-written summary
Under gravity irrigation the optimum area for the IPA cultivar is 39.5 hectares.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- IPA cultivare2
- Treatment
- gravity irrigatione2
- Outcome
- optimum areae2
- Value
- 39.5 hectarese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BREAD WHEAT”
e2“The results of gravity irrigation for IPA cultivar that the optimum area is 39.5 hectares”
Claim · model-written summary
Under gravity irrigation 79% of the IPA cultivar farms achieved economies of scale.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- IPA cultivare2
- Treatment
- gravity irrigatione2
- Outcome
- percentage of the cultivar farmse3
- Value
- 79%e3
- Qualifier
- achieved economies of scalee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BREAD WHEAT”
e2“The results of gravity irrigation for IPA cultivar that the optimum area is 39.5 hectares”
e3“while the percentage of the cultivar farms while achieved economies of scale were 79%”
Claim · model-written summary
Under sprinkler irrigation the optimum area for the IPA cultivar is 36.5 hectares.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sprinkler irrigatione4
- Outcome
- optimum areae4
- Value
- 36.5 hectarese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BREAD WHEAT”
e4“The results of sprinkler irrigation for the same cultivar showed that the optimum area was 36.5 hectares”
Claim · model-written summary
Under sprinkler irrigation 88% of the cultivar farms achieved economies of scale.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sprinkler irrigatione4
- Outcome
- percentage of the cultivar farmse5
- Value
- 88%e5
- Qualifier
- which achieved economies of scalee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BREAD WHEAT”
e4“The results of sprinkler irrigation for the same cultivar showed that the optimum area was 36.5 hectares”
e5“the percentage of the cultivar farms which achieved economies of scale were 88%”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic efficiency of sprinkler irrigation farmers was better than that of gravity irrigation farmers, at 89% of total farms for the IPA cultivar.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- IPA cultivare7
- Treatment
- sprinkler irrigatione7
- Outcome
- economic efficiencye6
- Direction
- bettere6
- Value
- 89%e7
- Qualifier
- of total farmse7
- Comparator
- gravity irrigation farmerse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BREAD WHEAT”
e6“the economic efficiency of the sprinkler irrigation farmers was better than the gravity irrigation farmers”
e7“as the IPA cultivar using sprinkler irrigation a level of economic efficiency of 89% of total farms”
Claim · model-written summary
Under gravity irrigation the economic efficiency reached 64% of farms.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- gravitye0
- Outcome
- economic efficiencye0
- Value
- 64%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“BREAD WHEAT”
e0“while it achieved on economic efficiency of 64% in gravity”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
797 papers in the same direction as this paper · 184 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
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