Abstract
Because of inadequate nutrient and water supply, soils are often unproductive in Northwest China. We studied the effects of manure application at low (LM 7.5 t ha(-1)), medium (MM 15 t ha(-1)), and high (HM 22.5 t ha(-1)) rates combined with fixed levels of chemical fertilizers on maize growth and rainfall use efficiency compared with chemical fertilizers (CK) under semi-arid conditions over a three-year period. HM and MM treatments could significantly increase soil water storage (0-120 cm) at tasseling stage of maize compared with LM treatment and CK (P < 0.05). Dry matter accumulation and rainfall use efficiency increased as manure application rate increasing (P < 0.05). HM treatment significantly increased rainfall use efficiency by 6.5-12.7% at big trumpeting - tasseling stage compared with LM and MM treatments. HM and MM treatments increased rainfall use efficiency by 8.6-18.1% at tasseling - grain filling stage compared with CK. There was no significant difference on biomass between HM and MM treatments at grain filling and maturity stages of maize in 2009 and 2010.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
HM and MM manure treatments significantly increased soil water storage at tasseling stage compared with LM and CK.
- Treatment
- HM and MM treatmentse2
- Outcome
- soil water storage (0-120 cm)e2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Qualifier
- at tasseling stagee2
- Comparator
- LM treatment and CKe2
- Setting
- semi-arid conditionse1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We studied the effects of manure application at low (LM 7.5 t ha(-1)), medium (MM 15 t ha(-1)), and high (HM 22.5 t ha(-1)) rates combined with fixed levels of chemical fertilizers on maize growth and rainfall use efficiency compared with chemical fertilizers (CK) under semi-arid conditions over a three-year period”
e2“HM and MM treatments could significantly increase soil water storage (0-120 cm) at tasseling stage of maize compared with LM treatment and CK (P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter accumulation and rainfall use efficiency increased as manure application rate increased.
- Treatment
- manure application ratee3
- Outcome
- Dry matter accumulation and rainfall use efficiencye3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- as manure application rate increasinge3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We studied the effects of manure application at low (LM 7.5 t ha(-1)), medium (MM 15 t ha(-1)), and high (HM 22.5 t ha(-1)) rates combined with fixed levels of chemical fertilizers on maize growth and rainfall use efficiency compared with chemical fertilizers (CK) under semi-arid conditions over a three-year period”
e3“Dry matter accumulation and rainfall use efficiency increased as manure application rate increasing (P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
HM treatment significantly increased rainfall use efficiency by 6.5-12.7% at big trumpeting to tasseling stage compared with LM and MM.
- Treatment
- HM treatmente4
- Outcome
- rainfall use efficiencye4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 6.5-12.7%e4
- Qualifier
- at big trumpeting - tasseling stagee4
- Comparator
- LM and MM treatmentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We studied the effects of manure application at low (LM 7.5 t ha(-1)), medium (MM 15 t ha(-1)), and high (HM 22.5 t ha(-1)) rates combined with fixed levels of chemical fertilizers on maize growth and rainfall use efficiency compared with chemical fertilizers (CK) under semi-arid conditions over a three-year period”
e4“HM treatment significantly increased rainfall use efficiency by 6.5-12.7% at big trumpeting - tasseling stage compared with LM and MM treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
HM and MM treatments increased rainfall use efficiency by 8.6-18.1% at tasseling to grain filling stage compared with CK.
- Treatment
- HM and MM treatmentse5
- Outcome
- rainfall use efficiencye5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 8.6-18.1%e5
- Qualifier
- at tasseling - grain filling stagee5
- Comparator
- CKe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We studied the effects of manure application at low (LM 7.5 t ha(-1)), medium (MM 15 t ha(-1)), and high (HM 22.5 t ha(-1)) rates combined with fixed levels of chemical fertilizers on maize growth and rainfall use efficiency compared with chemical fertilizers (CK) under semi-arid conditions over a three-year period”
e5“HM and MM treatments increased rainfall use efficiency by 8.6-18.1% at tasseling - grain filling stage compared with CK”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant difference in maize biomass was found between HM and MM treatments at grain filling and maturity in 2009 and 2010.
- Treatment
- HM and MM treatmentse6
- Outcome
- biomasse6
- Direction
- no significant differencee6
- Qualifier
- at grain filling and maturity stages of maize in 2009 and 2010e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We studied the effects of manure application at low (LM 7.5 t ha(-1)), medium (MM 15 t ha(-1)), and high (HM 22.5 t ha(-1)) rates combined with fixed levels of chemical fertilizers on maize growth and rainfall use efficiency compared with chemical fertilizers (CK) under semi-arid conditions over a three-year period”
e6“There was no significant difference on biomass between HM and MM treatments at grain filling and maturity stages of maize in 2009 and 2010”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3,484 papers in the same direction as this paper · 338 in the opposite direction · 85 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 3,908 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.