Abstract
Restricted usage of chemical nematicides has led to development of environmentally safe alternatives. A culture filtrate of Aspergillus niger F22 was highly active against Meloidogyne incognita with marked mortality of second-stage juveniles (J2s) and inhibition of egg hatching. The nematicidal component was identified as oxalic acid by organic acid analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Exposure to 2 mmol/L oxalic acid resulted in 100% juvenile mortality at 1 day after treatment and suppressed egg hatching by 95.6% at 7 days after treatment. Oxalic acid showed similar nematicidal activity against M. hapla, but was not highly toxic to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. The fungus was incubated on solid medium and dried culture was used for preparation of a wettable powder-type (WP) formulation as an active ingredient. Two WP formulations, F22-WP10 (ai 10%) and oxalic acid-WP8 (ai 8%), were prepared using F22 solid culture and oxalic acid. In a field naturally infested with M. incognita, application of a mixture of F22-WP10 + oxalic acid-WP8 at 1,000- and 500-fold dilutions significantly reduced gall formation on the roots of watermelon plants by 58.8 and 70.7%, respectively, compared to the non-treated control. The disease control efficacy of the mixture of F22-WP10 + oxalic acid-WP8 was significantly higher than that of a chemical nematicide, Sunchungtan (ai 30% fosthiazate). These results suggest that A. niger F22 can be used as a microbial nematicide for the control of root-knot nematode disease.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
At 1,000-fold dilution, the formulation reduced watermelon root gall formation by 58.8% versus untreated control.
- Taxon
- watermelon plants
Citrullus lanatuse0 - Treatment
- mixture of F22-WP10 + oxalic acid-WP8 at 1,000- and 500-fold dilutionse0
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pathogen - Outcome
- gall formation on the rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 58.8e0
- Comparator
- non-treated controle0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In a field naturally infested with M. incognita, application of a mixture of F22-WP10 + oxalic acid-WP8 at 1,000- and 500-fold dilutions significantly reduced gall formation on the roots of watermelon plants by 58.8 and 70.7%, respectively, compared to the non-treated control.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 500-fold dilution, the formulation reduced watermelon root gall formation by 70.7% versus untreated control.
- Taxon
- watermelon plantsCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- mixture of F22-WP10 + oxalic acid-WP8 at 1,000- and 500-fold dilutionse0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- gall formation on the rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 70.7%e0
- Comparator
- non-treated controle0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a field naturally infested with M. incognita, application of a mixture of F22-WP10 + oxalic acid-WP8 at 1,000- and 500-fold dilutions significantly reduced gall formation on the roots of watermelon plants by 58.8 and 70.7%, respectively, compared to the non-treated control.”
Claim · model-written summary
The formulation had significantly greater disease control efficacy than Sunchungtan.
- Taxon
- watermelon plantsCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- mixture of F22-WP10 + oxalic acid-WP8e0
- Outcome
- disease control efficacye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Sunchungtan (ai 30% fosthiazate)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The disease control efficacy of the mixture of F22-WP10 + oxalic acid-WP8 was significantly higher than that of a chemical nematicide, Sunchungtan (ai 30% fosthiazate).”
e1“watermelon plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest A. niger F22 as a microbial nematicide for root-knot disease.
- Taxon
- watermelon plantsCitrullus lanatuse1
- Interactor
- A. niger F22
Aspergillus nigere0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- used as a microbial nematicide for the control of root-knot nematode diseasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results suggest that A. niger F22 can be used as a microbial nematicide for the control of root-knot nematode disease.”
e1“watermelon plants”