Abstract
The sustainability of Cypripedium japonicum, a rare plant designated by the Korea Forest Service, is threatened due to artificial factors such as habitat loss and climate change etc. and internal factors such as changes in biological properties of the habitat etc. but conservation research has not been performed in South Korea. The objective of this study is to establish the species conservation strategies by analyzing the characteristics of their habitats, including: 1) Population characteristics, and 2) habitat analysis of the vegetation and abiotic environments. From April to September, 2014, population characteristics [density (stems m-2), flowering rate (%), and leaf area (cm2)] in Cypripedium japonicum habitats such as Chuncheon (CC), Hwacheon (HC), Muju (MJ), and Gwangyang (GY) and vegetation characteristics (plant sociological research and ordination analysis), and abiotic environments [temperature (℃), relative humidity (%), transmitted light (mol·m-2·d-1) and canopy openness (%)] were measured. Cypripedium japonicum was mainly distributed at elevation 450 to 990 m and 5 to 30° slope. Slope direction was shown as 0 to 110°. Habitats temperature (mean 18.94℃) was well matched to seasonal changes. Differences among sites showed greater level according to latitude difference. It showed the highest in habitat, GY located in the South. On the other hand, relative humidity (77.38%) didn’t show much difference among sites. The average degree of canopy openness was 18.17%. It showed the highest at HC (22.1%) and the lowest at MJ (16.1%). The average degree of transmitted light was 9.1 mol·m-2·d-1. It showed the highest at CC (10.6 mol·m-2·d-1) and the lowest at GY (6.87 mol·m-2·d-1). Chlorophyll content showed average 26.12 SPAD. It showed the highest at MJ (30.64 SPAD value) and the lowest at HC (23.69 SPAD value). Leaf area was average 253.35 cm2. It showed the highest at CC (281.51 cm2) and the lowest at HC (238.23 cm2).
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
The species occurred at elevation 450 to 990 m and slope 5 to 30°.
- Taxon
- Cypripedium japonicum
Cypripedium japonicume0 - Outcome
- distributed at elevatione0
- Value
- 450 to 990 me0
- Qualifier
- 5 to 30° slopee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cypripedium japonicum was mainly distributed at elevation 450 to 990 m and 5 to 30° slope.”
Claim · model-written summary
Habitat slope direction was 0 to 110°.
- Taxon
- Cypripedium japonicumCypripedium japonicumt0
- Outcome
- Slope directione0
- Value
- 0 to 110°e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cypripedium japonicum”
e0“Slope direction was shown as 0 to 110°.”
Claim · model-written summary
Habitat mean temperature was 18.94℃.
- Taxon
- Cypripedium japonicumCypripedium japonicumt0
- Outcome
- Habitats temperaturee0
- Value
- 18.94℃e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cypripedium japonicum”
e0“Habitats temperature (mean 18.94℃) was well matched to seasonal changes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature differences among sites increased with latitude difference, highest at GY.
- Taxon
- Cypripedium japonicumCypripedium japonicumt0
- Outcome
- Differences among sitese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Setting
- GYe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cypripedium japonicum”
e0“Differences among sites showed greater level according to latitude difference. It showed the highest in habitat, GY located in the South.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean relative humidity was 77.38% with little site difference.
- Taxon
- Cypripedium japonicumCypripedium japonicumt0
- Outcome
- relative humiditye0
- Direction
- didn’t show much differencee0
- Value
- 77.38%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cypripedium japonicum”
e0“relative humidity (77.38%) didn’t show much difference among sites.”
Claim · model-written summary
Average canopy openness was 18.17%.
- Taxon
- Cypripedium japonicumCypripedium japonicumt0
- Outcome
- canopy opennesse0
- Value
- 18.17%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cypripedium japonicum”
e0“The average degree of canopy openness was 18.17%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Canopy openness was highest at HC, 22.1%.
- Taxon
- Cypripedium japonicumCypripedium japonicumt0
- Outcome
- canopy opennesse1
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 22.1%e0
- Setting
- HCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cypripedium japonicum”
e0“It showed the highest at HC (22.1%) and the lowest at MJ (16.1%).”
e1“The average degree of canopy openness was 18.17%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Canopy openness was lowest at MJ, 16.1%.
- Taxon
- Cypripedium japonicumCypripedium japonicumt0
- Outcome
- canopy opennesse1
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 16.1%e0
- Setting
- MJe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cypripedium japonicum”
e0“It showed the highest at HC (22.1%) and the lowest at MJ (16.1%).”
e1“The average degree of canopy openness was 18.17%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Average transmitted light was 9.1 mol·m-2·d-1.
- Taxon
- Cypripedium japonicumCypripedium japonicumt0
- Outcome
- transmitted lighte0
- Value
- 9.1 mol·m-2·d-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cypripedium japonicum”
e0“The average degree of transmitted light was 9.1 mol·m-2·d-1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transmitted light was highest at CC, 10.6 mol·m-2·d-1.
- Taxon
- Cypripedium japonicumCypripedium japonicumt0
- Outcome
- transmitted lighte1
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 10.6 mol·m-2·d-1e0
- Setting
- CCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cypripedium japonicum”
e0“It showed the highest at CC (10.6 mol·m-2·d-1) and the lowest at GY (6.87 mol·m-2·d-1).”
e1“The average degree of transmitted light was 9.1 mol·m-2·d-1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transmitted light was lowest at GY, 6.87 mol·m-2·d-1.
- Taxon
- Cypripedium japonicumCypripedium japonicumt0
- Outcome
- transmitted lighte1
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 6.87 mol·m-2·d-1e0
- Setting
- GYe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cypripedium japonicum”
e0“It showed the highest at CC (10.6 mol·m-2·d-1) and the lowest at GY (6.87 mol·m-2·d-1).”
e1“The average degree of transmitted light was 9.1 mol·m-2·d-1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean chlorophyll content was 26.12 SPAD.
- Taxon
- Cypripedium japonicumCypripedium japonicumt0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll contente0
- Value
- 26.12 SPADe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cypripedium japonicum”
e0“Chlorophyll content showed average 26.12 SPAD.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll was highest at MJ, 30.64 SPAD value.
- Taxon
- Cypripedium japonicumCypripedium japonicumt0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 30.64 SPAD valuee0
- Setting
- MJe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cypripedium japonicum”
e0“It showed the highest at MJ (30.64 SPAD value) and the lowest at HC (23.69 SPAD value).”
e1“Chlorophyll content showed average 26.12 SPAD.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll was lowest at HC, 23.69 SPAD value.
- Taxon
- Cypripedium japonicumCypripedium japonicumt0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 23.69 SPAD valuee0
- Setting
- HCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cypripedium japonicum”
e0“It showed the highest at MJ (30.64 SPAD value) and the lowest at HC (23.69 SPAD value).”
e1“Chlorophyll content showed average 26.12 SPAD.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean leaf area was 253.35 cm2.
- Taxon
- Cypripedium japonicumCypripedium japonicumt0
- Outcome
- Leaf areae0
- Value
- 253.35 cm2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cypripedium japonicum”
e0“Leaf area was average 253.35 cm2.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area was highest at CC, 281.51 cm2.
- Taxon
- Cypripedium japonicumCypripedium japonicumt0
- Outcome
- Leaf areae1
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 281.51 cm2e0
- Setting
- CCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cypripedium japonicum”
e0“It showed the highest at CC (281.51 cm2) and the lowest at HC (238.23 cm2).”
e1“Leaf area was average 253.35 cm2.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area was lowest at HC, 238.23 cm2.
- Taxon
- Cypripedium japonicumCypripedium japonicumt0
- Outcome
- Leaf areae1
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 238.23 cm2e0
- Setting
- HCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cypripedium japonicum”
e0“It showed the highest at CC (281.51 cm2) and the lowest at HC (238.23 cm2).”
e1“Leaf area was average 253.35 cm2.”