Abstract
Five maturities of switchgrass hay harvested at 14-d intervals (vegetative through 20% heading) were fed to Hereford steers (297 kg) in a 5 x 5 Latin square. Relationships with switchgrass maturity were negative and quadratic (P < .05) for DMI and cubic (P < .05) for digestible DMI. Declines in apparent digestibilities of DM, ADF, and cellulose were cubic (P < .05), whereas these were quadratic (P < .05) for NDF, hemicellulose, and CP. Whole masticates from the least, mid, and most mature hays showed linear (P < .05) declines in DM concentration and IVDMD with increasing maturity, whereas NDF concentrations increased linearly (P < .05). Mean retention time of gastrointestinal DM increased linearly (P < .01) from 64 to 94 h from the least to the most mature hay, and the associated rate of passage declined linearly (P < .01) from 3.3 to 2.1%/h. Sieving of masticate DM showed a reduced proportion of large particles (> or = 2.8 mm) and an increased proportion of small particles (< or = .5 mm) with advancing forage maturity. More than 94% of the sieved fecal DM passed a 1.0-mm sieve, but particle sizes showed the same relationship with forage maturity as noted for masticate DM. This occurred despite the comminution from the rumination and digestive processes.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
DMI was negatively and quadratically related to switchgrass maturity.
- Taxon
- switchgrass
Panicum virgatume0 - Treatment
- maturities of switchgrass haye0
- Outcome
- DMIe1
- Direction
- negativee1
- Qualifier
- quadratice1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five maturities of switchgrass hay harvested at 14-d intervals (vegetative through 20% heading)”
e1“Relationships with switchgrass maturity were negative and quadratic (P < .05) for DMI”
Claim · model-written summary
Digestible DMI had a cubic relationship with switchgrass maturity.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
- Treatment
- maturities of switchgrass haye0
- Outcome
- digestible DMIe1
- Qualifier
- cubice1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five maturities of switchgrass hay harvested at 14-d intervals (vegetative through 20% heading)”
e1“cubic (P < .05) for digestible DMI”
Claim · model-written summary
Apparent digestibilities of DM, ADF and cellulose declined cubically with maturity.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
- Treatment
- maturities of switchgrass haye0
- Outcome
- apparent digestibilities of DM, ADF, and cellulosee1
- Direction
- Declinese1
- Qualifier
- cubice1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five maturities of switchgrass hay harvested at 14-d intervals (vegetative through 20% heading)”
e1“Declines in apparent digestibilities of DM, ADF, and cellulose were cubic (P < .05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Apparent digestibilities of NDF, hemicellulose and CP had a quadratic relationship with maturity.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
- Treatment
- maturities of switchgrass haye0
- Outcome
- NDF, hemicellulose, and CPe1
- Qualifier
- quadratice1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five maturities of switchgrass hay harvested at 14-d intervals (vegetative through 20% heading)”
e1“whereas these were quadratic (P < .05) for NDF, hemicellulose, and CP”
Claim · model-written summary
DM concentration and IVDMD declined linearly with increasing maturity in whole masticates.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
- Treatment
- increasing maturitye1
- Outcome
- DM concentration and IVDMDe1
- Direction
- declinese1
- Qualifier
- lineare1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five maturities of switchgrass hay harvested at 14-d intervals (vegetative through 20% heading)”
e1“Whole masticates from the least, mid, and most mature hays showed linear (P < .05) declines in DM concentration and IVDMD with increasing maturity, whereas NDF concentrations increased linearly (P < .05)”
Claim · model-written summary
NDF concentrations in whole masticates increased linearly with increasing maturity.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
- Treatment
- increasing maturitye1
- Outcome
- NDF concentrationse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- linearlye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five maturities of switchgrass hay harvested at 14-d intervals (vegetative through 20% heading)”
e1“Whole masticates from the least, mid, and most mature hays showed linear (P < .05) declines in DM concentration and IVDMD with increasing maturity, whereas NDF concentrations increased linearly (P < .05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean retention time of gastrointestinal DM increased from 64 to 94 h from the least to the most mature hay.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
- Treatment
- the least to the most mature haye1
- Outcome
- Mean retention time of gastrointestinal DMe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 64 to 94 he1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five maturities of switchgrass hay harvested at 14-d intervals (vegetative through 20% heading)”
e1“Mean retention time of gastrointestinal DM increased linearly (P < .01) from 64 to 94 h from the least to the most mature hay”
Claim · model-written summary
The rate of passage declined from 3.3 to 2.1%/h with increasing maturity.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
- Treatment
- maturities of switchgrass haye0
- Outcome
- rate of passagee1
- Direction
- declinede1
- Value
- 3.3 to 2.1%/he1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five maturities of switchgrass hay harvested at 14-d intervals (vegetative through 20% heading)”
e1“the associated rate of passage declined linearly (P < .01) from 3.3 to 2.1%/h”
Claim · model-written summary
The proportion of large particles in masticate DM was reduced with advancing maturity.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
- Treatment
- maturities of switchgrass haye0
- Outcome
- proportion of large particlese1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- > or = 2.8 mme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five maturities of switchgrass hay harvested at 14-d intervals (vegetative through 20% heading)”
e1“Sieving of masticate DM showed a reduced proportion of large particles (> or = 2.8 mm)”
Claim · model-written summary
The proportion of small particles in masticate DM increased with advancing forage maturity.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
- Treatment
- maturities of switchgrass haye0
- Outcome
- proportion of small particlese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- < or = .5 mme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five maturities of switchgrass hay harvested at 14-d intervals (vegetative through 20% heading)”
e1“an increased proportion of small particles (< or = .5 mm) with advancing forage maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
More than 94% of sieved fecal DM passed a 1.0-mm sieve.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
- Outcome
- sieved fecal DMe1
- Value
- More than 94%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five maturities of switchgrass hay harvested at 14-d intervals (vegetative through 20% heading)”
e1“More than 94% of the sieved fecal DM passed a 1.0-mm sieve”