Abstract
Investigations of the pleiotropic effects of GA-sensitive (Rht8) and GA-insensitive (Rht-B1, Rht-D1) dwarfing genes and a gene that determines the response of plants to photoperiod--Ppd-D1 were carried out for three years in the southern step region of Black Sea bank on five different genetic backgrounds. It is shown that in addition to direct effects on plant height GA-sensitive and GA-insensitive dwarfing genes have pleiotropic effects on all studied traits except the number of fertile spikelets. Presence of the dwarfing genes in the genotype of tall forms led to the decrease of stem and ear length, and at the same time to the increase of ear density. The number of spikelets per spike decreased due to sterile spikelets, whereas the number of fertile spikelets did not change. There was a significant increase in the number of grains per ear as a result of increasing of spikelets in ears. The number and weight of grains did not decrease, even though the plants were characterized by a smaller number of productive stems. The presence of Rht8x allele on genetic background of variety Stepnyak resulted in a significant decrease of plants productivity. However, in combination with Ppd-D1a allele plants with Rht8x increased the potential productivity, and surpassed the parental form (Rht8a Ppd-D1b). The presence of Rht-B1e allele resulted in reduction of grain mass per spike and 1000-grain weight, increase of l/h, and left the number of grains per spike stable in comparison with Rht8c.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Presence of dwarfing genes in the genotype of tall forms decreased stem and ear length in bread wheat.
- Taxon
- bread wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- tall formse1
- Gene
- dwarfing genese1
- Outcome
- stem and ear lengthe1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e1“Presence of the dwarfing genes in the genotype of tall forms led to the decrease of stem and ear length, and at the same time to the increase of ear density”
Claim · model-written summary
Presence of dwarfing genes in the genotype of tall forms increased ear density in bread wheat.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- tall formse1
- Gene
- dwarfing genese1
- Outcome
- ear densitye1
- Direction
- increasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e1“Presence of the dwarfing genes in the genotype of tall forms led to the decrease of stem and ear length, and at the same time to the increase of ear density”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of spikelets per spike decreased in bread wheat because of sterile spikelets.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- number of spikelets per spikee2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Qualifier
- due to sterile spikeletse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e2“The number of spikelets per spike decreased due to sterile spikelets, whereas the number of fertile spikelets did not change”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of fertile spikelets per spike did not change in bread wheat under the dwarfing genes.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- number of fertile spikeletse2
- Direction
- did not changee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e2“The number of spikelets per spike decreased due to sterile spikelets, whereas the number of fertile spikelets did not change”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of grains per ear increased significantly in bread wheat as a result of more spikelets in ears.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- number of grains per eare3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Qualifier
- as a result of increasing of spikelets in earse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e3“There was a significant increase in the number of grains per ear as a result of increasing of spikelets in ears”
Claim · model-written summary
The number and weight of grains did not decrease in bread wheat although plants had fewer productive stems.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- number and weight of grainse4
- Direction
- did not decreasee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e4“The number and weight of grains did not decrease, even though the plants were characterized by a smaller number of productive stems”
Claim · model-written summary
The Rht8x allele in the variety Stepnyak background significantly decreased plant productivity in bread wheat.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- variety Stepnyake5
- Gene
- Rht8x allelee5
- Outcome
- plants productivitye5
- Direction
- decreasee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e5“The presence of Rht8x allele on genetic background of variety Stepnyak resulted in a significant decrease of plants productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Rht8x combined with the Ppd-D1a allele increased potential productivity and surpassed the parental form Rht8a Ppd-D1b in bread wheat.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- in combination with Ppd-D1a allelee6
- Gene
- Rht8xe6
- Outcome
- potential productivitye6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Comparator
- parental form (Rht8a Ppd-D1b)e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e6“However, in combination with Ppd-D1a allele plants with Rht8x increased the potential productivity, and surpassed the parental form (Rht8a Ppd-D1b)”
Claim · model-written summary
The Rht-B1e allele reduced grain mass per spike and 1000-grain weight in bread wheat compared with Rht8c.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- presence of Rht-B1e allelee7
- Outcome
- grain mass per spike and 1000-grain weighte7
- Direction
- reductione7
- Comparator
- Rht8ce7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e7“The presence of Rht-B1e allele resulted in reduction of grain mass per spike and 1000-grain weight, increase of l/h, and left the number of grains per spike stable in comparison with Rht8c”
Claim · model-written summary
The Rht-B1e allele increased l/h in bread wheat compared with Rht8c.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- presence of Rht-B1e allelee7
- Outcome
- l/he7
- Direction
- increasee7
- Comparator
- Rht8ce7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e7“The presence of Rht-B1e allele resulted in reduction of grain mass per spike and 1000-grain weight, increase of l/h, and left the number of grains per spike stable in comparison with Rht8c”
Claim · model-written summary
The Rht-B1e allele left the number of grains per spike stable in bread wheat compared with Rht8c.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- presence of Rht-B1e allelee7
- Outcome
- number of grains per spikee7
- Direction
- stablee7
- Comparator
- Rht8ce7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e7“The presence of Rht-B1e allele resulted in reduction of grain mass per spike and 1000-grain weight, increase of l/h, and left the number of grains per spike stable in comparison with Rht8c”
Claim · model-written summary
GA-sensitive and GA-insensitive dwarfing genes have pleiotropic effects on all studied traits in bread wheat except the number of fertile spikelets.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- GA-sensitive and GA-insensitive dwarfing genese0
- Outcome
- all studied traitse0
- Qualifier
- except the number of fertile spikeletse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat”
e0“It is shown that in addition to direct effects on plant height GA-sensitive and GA-insensitive dwarfing genes have pleiotropic effects on all studied traits except the number of fertile spikelets”