Abstract
In 2000 a field study was conducted at four different locations concerning the effects of low dosages of glufosinate-ammonium, a leaf acting herbicide, on off crop vegetation. Therefore species rich road verges and ditch banks not adapted to a history of herbicide use were sprayed twice with different dosages of glufosinate-ammonium, simulating drift (0, 2, 4, 16, 32 and 64% of the maximum field dose: 800 g a.i./ha). The parameters studied were short term phytotoxic effects and the effects on biomass, species cover and number of species in autumn (Braun-Blanquêt relevés). The results show significant phytotoxic effects at all dosages of glufosinate-ammonium on the non-target vegetation. The low concentrations (2 and 4%) had most impact when applied early in the season (9% average at the 2% dosage and 22% at 4% dosage, after the first spraying. At high dosages (32 and 64%) a decrease of the biomass of the vegetation was found in August. A comparison between treatments in August shows a small decrease in species number and cover in the 64% compared to the control. In the comparison between the spring and August relevés, the decrease in the mean number of species was significantly stronger in the treated plots than in the untreated ones of 4% and higher. For monocotyledons in all treatments except 16%, a significantly stronger decrease in species number was found compared to the untreated. For dicotyledons only the 64% dosage differed from the untreated. Only at the 64% treatment the total cover of species decreased more than in the untreated plots. Since drift percentages of 2-4% can be expected at 1-2 m from a treated plot it can be concluded that the use of glufosinate-ammonium could result in visible short term phytotoxic effects (max 22%) on off-crop vegetation such as ditch banks and verges. There are also indications that effects on the number and cover of species in autumn can occur. Because in future glufosinate-ammonium could be used on a large scale in herbicide resistant crops like maize, which will be cultivated on the same field for many years, this study will be continued in 2001 in order to investigate if there are--whether or not--sustainable effects on the off crop vegetation.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate-ammonium caused significant phytotoxic effects at all dosages on non-target vegetation.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“off crop vegetation”
e0“significant phytotoxic effects at all dosages of glufosinate-ammonium on the non-target vegetation”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2% dosage of glufosinate-ammonium had most impact when applied early in the season, averaging 9% after the first spraying.
- Taxon
- off crop vegetationt0
- Treatment
- 2% dosagee0
- Outcome
- impacte0
- Direction
- most impacte0
- Value
- 9% averagee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“off crop vegetation”
e0“The low concentrations (2 and 4%) had most impact when applied early in the season (9% average at the 2% dosage”
Claim · model-written summary
The 4% dosage of glufosinate-ammonium had most impact when applied early in the season, reaching 22% after the first spraying.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“off crop vegetation”
e0“The low concentrations (2 and 4%) had most impact when applied early in the season (9% average at the 2% dosage and 22% at 4% dosage”
Claim · model-written summary
High dosages (32 and 64%) of glufosinate-ammonium decreased vegetation biomass in August.
- Taxon
- off crop vegetationt0
- Treatment
- high dosages (32 and 64%)e0
- Outcome
- biomass of the vegetatione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- in Auguste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“off crop vegetation”
e0“At high dosages (32 and 64%) a decrease of the biomass of the vegetation was found in August”
Claim · model-written summary
In August, the 64% dosage caused a small decrease in species number and cover compared with the control.
Verbatim
t0“off crop vegetation”
e0“A comparison between treatments in August shows a small decrease in species number and cover in the 64% compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
From spring to August the decrease in mean species number was significantly stronger in treated plots at 4% and higher than in untreated plots.
Verbatim
t0“off crop vegetation”
e0“the decrease in the mean number of species was significantly stronger in the treated plots than in the untreated ones of 4% and higher”
Claim · model-written summary
Monocotyledons showed a significantly stronger decrease in species number than untreated plots in all treatments except 16%.
Verbatim
t0“off crop vegetation”
e0“For monocotyledons in all treatments except 16%, a significantly stronger decrease in species number was found compared to the untreated”
Claim · model-written summary
For dicotyledons only the 64% dosage differed from the untreated plots.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“off crop vegetation”
e0“For dicotyledons only the 64% dosage differed from the untreated”
Claim · model-written summary
Only the 64% treatment decreased total species cover more than in the untreated plots.
Verbatim
t0“off crop vegetation”
e0“Only at the 64% treatment the total cover of species decreased more than in the untreated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that spray drift of glufosinate-ammonium could cause visible short-term phytotoxic effects, up to 22%, on off-crop vegetation.
- Taxon
- off-crop vegetatione0
- Treatment
- glufosinate-ammoniume0
- Outcome
- visible short term phytotoxic effectse0
- Value
- max 22%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“the use of glufosinate-ammonium could result in visible short term phytotoxic effects (max 22%) on off-crop vegetation”
Claim · model-written summary
There are indications that effects on species number and cover in autumn can occur.
- Taxon
- off crop vegetationt0
- Treatment
- glufosinate-ammoniumt1
- Outcome
- number and cover of speciese0
- Qualifier
- in autumne0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“off crop vegetation”
t1“glufosinate-ammonium”
e0“There are also indications that effects on the number and cover of species in autumn can occur”