Abstract
Glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds, especially GR Palmer amaranth, are very problematic in cotton-producing areas of the midsouthern region of the United States. Growers rely heavily on PRE residual herbicides to control Palmer amaranth since few effective POST options exist. Interest in integrating high-residue cover crops with existing herbicide programs to combat GR weeds has increased. Research was conducted in 2013 and 2014 in Tennessee to evaluate GR Palmer amaranth control when integrating cover crops and PRE residual herbicides. Cereal rye, crimson clover, hairy vetch, winter wheat, and combinations of one grass plus one legume were compared with winter weeds without a cover crop followed by fluometuron or acetochlor applied PRE. Biomass of cover crops was determined prior to termination 3 wk before planting. Combinations of grass and legume cover crops accumulated the most biomass (> 3,500 kg ha −1 ) but by 28 d after application (DAA) the cereal rye and wheat provided the best Palmer amaranth control. Crimson clover and hairy vetch treatments had the greatest number of Palmer amaranth. These cereal and legume blends reduced Palmer amaranth emergence by half compared to non–cover-treated areas. Fluometuron and acetochlor controlled Palmer amaranth 95 and 89%, respectively, at 14 DAA and 54 and 62%, respectively, at 28 DAA. Cover crops in combination with a PRE herbicide did not adequately control Palmer amaranth.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Combinations of grass and legume cover crops accumulated the most biomass, above 3,500 kg ha−1.
Verbatim
t0“Control in Cotton”
e1“Combinations of grass and legume cover crops accumulated the most biomass (> 3,500 kg ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Cereal rye and wheat cover crops gave the best Palmer amaranth control at 28 days after application.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- cereal rye and wheate2
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe2weed
- Outcome
- best Palmer amaranth controle2
- Direction
- beste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control in Cotton”
e2“by 28 d after application (DAA) the cereal rye and wheat provided the best Palmer amaranth control”
Claim · model-written summary
Crimson clover and hairy vetch treatments had the greatest number of Palmer amaranth plants.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Crimson clover and hairy vetche3
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe3weed
- Outcome
- number of Palmer amaranthe3
- Direction
- greateste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control in Cotton”
e3“Crimson clover and hairy vetch treatments had the greatest number of Palmer amaranth”
Claim · model-written summary
Cereal and legume blends reduced Palmer amaranth emergence by half compared with non-cover-treated areas.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- cereal and legume blendse4
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe4weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth emergencee4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- by halfe4
- Comparator
- non–cover-treated arease4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control in Cotton”
e4“These cereal and legume blends reduced Palmer amaranth emergence by half compared to non–cover-treated areas”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluometuron controlled Palmer amaranth by 95% at 14 days after application.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Fluometurone5
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe5weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranthe5
- Direction
- controllede5
- Value
- 95e5
- Qualifier
- at 14 DAAe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control in Cotton”
e5“Fluometuron and acetochlor controlled Palmer amaranth 95 and 89%, respectively, at 14 DAA and 54 and 62%, respectively, at 28 DAA”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetochlor controlled Palmer amaranth by 89% at 14 days after application.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- acetochlore5
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe5weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranthe5
- Direction
- controllede5
- Value
- 89%e5
- Qualifier
- at 14 DAAe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control in Cotton”
e5“Fluometuron and acetochlor controlled Palmer amaranth 95 and 89%, respectively, at 14 DAA and 54 and 62%, respectively, at 28 DAA”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluometuron controlled Palmer amaranth by 54% at 28 days after application.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Fluometurone5
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe5weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranthe5
- Direction
- controllede5
- Value
- 54e5
- Qualifier
- at 28 DAAe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control in Cotton”
e5“Fluometuron and acetochlor controlled Palmer amaranth 95 and 89%, respectively, at 14 DAA and 54 and 62%, respectively, at 28 DAA”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetochlor controlled Palmer amaranth by 62% at 28 days after application.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- acetochlore5
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe5weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranthe5
- Direction
- controllede5
- Value
- 62%e5
- Qualifier
- at 28 DAAe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control in Cotton”
e5“Fluometuron and acetochlor controlled Palmer amaranth 95 and 89%, respectively, at 14 DAA and 54 and 62%, respectively, at 28 DAA”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops combined with a PRE herbicide did not adequately control Palmer amaranth.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Cover crops in combination with a PRE herbicidee6
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe6weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranthe6
- Direction
- did not adequately controle6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control in Cotton”
e6“Cover crops in combination with a PRE herbicide did not adequately control Palmer amaranth”
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fluometuron · organism · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
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See all 7 papers →Vicia villosa · organism · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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acetochlor · organism · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
cover crop · organism · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
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- positive
- positive
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See all 9 papers →herbicide · organism · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 35 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.