Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat has, in recent years, been a very important worldwide disease in intensive growing of cereal. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the occurrence of FHB in wheat in Latvia and to identify the Fusarium species involved. This paper describes the distribution of Fusarium species that were isolated from samples representing winter and spring wheat varieties in Latvia, identified both by the classical morphological analyses of J. Leslie and B. Summerell (2006) and by PCR. The FHB incidence range in winter wheat was 1-20%, in spring wheat was 1-42%. The most significant factor affecting the incidence of fusarial head blight in wheat in Latvia was heightened temperature at the time of an thesis of wheat. In winter wheat 9 Fusarium species caused FHB: F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. graminearum, F. equiseti, F. poae, F. oxysporum, F. cerealis, F. sporotrichoides and F. verticillioides were identified by morphological characterization, and 5 were confirmed by PCR-analysis. After experience of 5 years, it can be concluded that the most frequent in winter wheat were F. poae and F. culmorum. In spring wheat from F. culmorum was dominant among 8 Fusarium species. Among 13 varieties of spring wheat, three were sensitive ('Chamsin', 'W 166', 'Azurite') and one was resistant ('Granny') to FHB in conditions of high natural infection in 2009. The monitoring surveys demonstrate a significant presence of FHB in spring wheat in conditions of heightened temperature at the time of flowering in Latvia.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
FHB incidence in winter wheat in Latvia ranged from 1 to 20%.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- FHB incidencee0
- Value
- 1-20%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The FHB incidence range in winter wheat was 1-20%”
Claim · model-written summary
FHB incidence in spring wheat in Latvia ranged from 1 to 42%.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- FHB incidencee1
- Value
- 1-42%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in spring wheat was 1-42%”
e1“The FHB incidence range”
Claim · model-written summary
Heightened temperature at flowering was the most significant factor affecting the incidence of Fusarium head blight in wheat in Latvia.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- heightened temperaturee0
- Outcome
- incidence of fusarial head blighte0
- Setting
- Latviae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most significant factor affecting the incidence of fusarial head blight in wheat in Latvia was heightened temperature at the time of an thesis of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine Fusarium species caused FHB in winter wheat; these include F. culmorum, F. avenaceum and F. graminearum.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- F. culmorum
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Fusarium culmorume0pathogen - Second interactor
- F. avenaceum
Fusarium avenaceume0pathogen - Outcome
- Fusarium species caused FHBe0
- Qualifier
- F. graminearume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In winter wheat 9 Fusarium species caused FHB: F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. graminearum”
Claim · model-written summary
F. equiseti, F. poae and F. oxysporum were among the Fusarium species causing FHB in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- F. equisetiFusarium equisetie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- F. poae
Fusarium poaee0pathogen - Outcome
- F. equiseti, F. poae, F. oxysporume0
- Qualifier
- F. oxysporume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. equiseti, F. poae, F. oxysporum”
e1“In winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
F. cerealis, F. sporotrichoides and F. verticillioides were identified by morphological characterization in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- F. cerealisFusarium cerealise0pathogen
- Second interactor
- F. sporotrichoidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- identified by morphological characterizatione0
- Qualifier
- F. verticillioidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. cerealis, F. sporotrichoides and F. verticillioides were identified by morphological characterization”
e1“In winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Five of the nine Fusarium species found in winter wheat were confirmed by PCR analysis.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- confirmed by PCR-analysise0
- Value
- 5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“5 were confirmed by PCR-analysis”
e1“In winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
After five years, the most frequent Fusarium species in winter wheat were F. poae and F. culmorum.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- F. poaeFusarium poaee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- F. culmorumFusarium culmorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- most frequente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the most frequent in winter wheat were F. poae and F. culmorum”
Claim · model-written summary
In spring wheat F. culmorum was dominant among 8 Fusarium species.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- F. culmorumFusarium culmorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- dominante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In spring wheat from F. culmorum was dominant among 8 Fusarium species”
Claim · model-written summary
Of 13 spring wheat varieties, three ('Chamsin', 'W 166', 'Azurite') were sensitive to FHB under high natural infection in 2009.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- 'Chamsin', 'W 166', 'Azurite'e0
- Outcome
- sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three were sensitive ('Chamsin', 'W 166', 'Azurite')”
e1“Among 13 varieties of spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Of 13 spring wheat varieties, one ('Granny') was resistant to FHB under high natural infection in 2009.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- 'Granny'e0
- Outcome
- resistante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one was resistant ('Granny') to FHB”
e1“Among 13 varieties of spring wheat”