Abstract
Emergence and growth dynamics of sunflower were studied at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during spring seasons of 2014 and 2015. The experiment consisted of three sowing dates (D1-January 20, D2-February 10 and D3- March 2), two intra row spacing (S1-30 cm and S2- 24 cm) and four nitrogen (N) doses (N0-0, N45-45, N60-60 and N75-75 kg ha−1). Results revealed reduction in number of days taken for initiation and completion of emergence vis-à-vis emergence percentage with concomitant increase in emergence rate and vigour index due to delayed sowing. Late sown crop (D3) exhibited higher absolute growth rate (AGR), crop growth rate (CGR) and specific leaf weight (SLW) during initial phases of crop growth but early sown crop (D1) surpassed the late sown crop 50 days onward up to maturity. Early sown crop maintained higher relative growth rate (RGR) throughout the crop growth. Wider sown crop showed higher AGR, whereas CGR was higher under closer sowing. Application of N improved the AGR, CGR and RGR but SLW was improved during later growth stages (50 days onwards) only. Net assimilation rate (NAR) decreased progressively due to each delay of sowing during later growth stages. Application of N improved the NAR up to 75 DAS but between 75 DAS and maturity, application of N lowered NAR as compared to control. Correlation studies indicated significant positive correlation of seed yield with AGR, CGR and RGR between 50 and 75 DAS, emphasizing the importance of higher growth rate during grand growth period for best yield accrual in sunflower.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed sowing reduced time to emergence and emergence percentage.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- delayed sowinge0
- Outcome
- number of days taken for initiation and completion of emergence vis-à-vis emergence percentagee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed reduction in number of days taken for initiation and completion of emergence vis-à-vis emergence percentage with concomitant increase in emergence rate and vigour index due to delayed sowing.”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed sowing increased emergence rate and vigour index.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- delayed sowinge0
- Outcome
- emergence rate and vigour indexe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with concomitant increase in emergence rate and vigour index due to delayed sowing.”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Late sowing raised AGR, CGR and SLW in initial growth.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Late sown crop (D3)e0
- Outcome
- absolute growth rate (AGR), crop growth rate (CGR) and specific leaf weight (SLW)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late sown crop (D3) exhibited higher absolute growth rate (AGR), crop growth rate (CGR) and specific leaf weight (SLW) during initial phases of crop growth”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Early sowing surpassed late sowing from day 50 to maturity.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- early sown crop (D1)e0
- Outcome
- surpassede0
- Direction
- surpassede0
- Qualifier
- 50 days onward up to maturitye0
- Comparator
- late sown crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but early sown crop (D1) surpassed the late sown crop 50 days onward up to maturity.”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Early sowing maintained higher RGR throughout growth.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Early sown crope0
- Outcome
- relative growth rate (RGR)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early sown crop maintained higher relative growth rate (RGR) throughout the crop growth.”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Wider sowing raised AGR.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Wider sown crope0
- Outcome
- AGRe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- closer sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wider sown crop showed higher AGR, whereas CGR was higher under closer sowing.”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Closer sowing raised CGR.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- closer sowinge0
- Outcome
- CGRe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Wider sown crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wider sown crop showed higher AGR, whereas CGR was higher under closer sowing.”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased AGR, CGR and RGR.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Application of Ne0
- Outcome
- AGR, CGR and RGRe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of N improved the AGR, CGR and RGR but SLW was improved during later growth stages (50 days onwards) only.”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen improved SLW only after day 50.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Application of Ne1
- Outcome
- SLWe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- later growth stages (50 days onwards) onlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SLW was improved during later growth stages (50 days onwards) only.”
t0“sunflower”
e1“Application of N improved the AGR, CGR and RGR”
Claim · model-written summary
Later sowing reduced NAR at later growth stages.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- each delay of sowinge0
- Outcome
- Net assimilation rate (NAR)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Net assimilation rate (NAR) decreased progressively due to each delay of sowing during later growth stages.”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen improved NAR up to day 75.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Application of Ne0
- Outcome
- NARe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- up to 75 DASe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of N improved the NAR up to 75 DAS”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen lowered NAR between day 75 and maturity versus control.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- application of Ne0
- Outcome
- NARe0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Qualifier
- between 75 DAS and maturitye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“between 75 DAS and maturity, application of N lowered NAR as compared to control.”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield correlated positively with AGR, CGR and RGR between days 50 and 75.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Qualifier
- between 50 and 75 DASe0
- Comparator
- AGR, CGR and RGRe0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Correlation studies indicated significant positive correlation of seed yield with AGR, CGR and RGR between 50 and 75 DAS”
t0“sunflower”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
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- no effect
- negative
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See all 76 papers →sowing time · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
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See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.