Abstract
Water shortage during crop planting in Iran, especially in the west parts of the country, is very serious. Therefore, for this research an experiment was performed in a research field belonging to Irrigation and Water Resource Engineering Department in College of Agriculture, Razi University in Kermanshah (west of Iran) in year 2007 to investigate the effects of different irrigation treatments on water use efficiency, yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) crop. The experiment was in complete randomized blocks design with different levels of irrigation water amounts (33%, 66% and 100%) of cumulative evaporation from Class A pan with surface drip (SD), subsurface drip (SSD) and surface furrow (SF) (with 100% ET), supplementary irrigation and dry farming treatments. The results showed that the effects of different irrigation treatments on water use efficiency were significant (P<0.01). The highest and lowest water use efficiency based on grain and oil yield (5.2 and 2.423, 1.58 and 0.690 kg/ ha/mm) were achieved for SSD and SF (100% ET) treatments, respectively. The results also showed that the treatment with SD (66% ET) was acceptable for conditions where there is a shortage in water resources. Although grain and oil yield of safflower under this treatment was significantly (P<0.01 ) lower than SSD (100%ET) treatment, no significant difference between various treatments was found. The results also showed that under conditions of a severe water resource shortage, the SD irrigation with (33%ET) seems to be applicable, because water use efficiency compared to SD (66%ET) and SSD (100%ET) treatments was acceptable.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Subsurface drip irrigation gave the highest water use efficiency based on grain yield.
- Taxon
- safflower
Carthamus tinctoriust0 - Treatment
- SSDe1
- Outcome
- water use efficiency based on graine1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 5.2e1
- Comparator
- SF (100% ET)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e1“The highest and lowest water use efficiency based on grain and oil yield (5.2 and 2.423, 1.58 and 0.690 kg/ ha/mm) were achieved for SSD and SF (100% ET) treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsurface drip irrigation gave the highest water use efficiency based on oil yield.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- SSDe1
- Outcome
- water use efficiency based on grain and oil yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 2.423e1
- Qualifier
- oile1
- Comparator
- SF (100% ET)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e1“The highest and lowest water use efficiency based on grain and oil yield (5.2 and 2.423, 1.58 and 0.690 kg/ ha/mm) were achieved for SSD and SF (100% ET) treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface furrow at 100% ET gave the lowest water use efficiency based on grain yield.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- SF (100% ET)e1
- Outcome
- water use efficiency based on graine1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 1.58e1
- Comparator
- SSDe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e1“The highest and lowest water use efficiency based on grain and oil yield (5.2 and 2.423, 1.58 and 0.690 kg/ ha/mm) were achieved for SSD and SF (100% ET) treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface furrow at 100% ET gave the lowest water use efficiency based on oil yield.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- SF (100% ET)e1
- Outcome
- water use efficiency based on grain and oil yielde1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 0.690e1
- Qualifier
- oile1
- Comparator
- SSDe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e1“The highest and lowest water use efficiency based on grain and oil yield (5.2 and 2.423, 1.58 and 0.690 kg/ ha/mm) were achieved for SSD and SF (100% ET) treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface drip at 66% ET is acceptable for conditions with water shortage.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Outcome
- the treatment with SD (66% ET)e3
- Qualifier
- acceptable for conditions where there is a shortage in water resourcese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e3“The results also showed that the treatment with SD (66% ET) was acceptable for conditions where there is a shortage in water resources”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface drip at 66% ET gave significantly lower grain and oil yield than subsurface drip at 100% ET.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- SD (66% ET)e3
- Outcome
- grain and oil yielde4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- SSD (100%ET)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e3“The results also showed that the treatment with SD (66% ET) was acceptable for conditions where there is a shortage in water resources”
e4“Although grain and oil yield of safflower under this treatment was significantly (P<0.01 ) lower than SSD (100%ET) treatment, no significant difference between various treatments was found”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant difference in yield was found between the various irrigation treatments.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- various treatmentse4
- Outcome
- difference between various treatmentse4
- Direction
- no significant differencee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e4“Although grain and oil yield of safflower under this treatment was significantly (P<0.01 ) lower than SSD (100%ET) treatment, no significant difference between various treatments was found”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation treatments significantly affected water use efficiency of safflower (P<0.01).
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- different irrigation treatmentse2
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye2
- Qualifier
- P<0.01e2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e2“the effects of different irrigation treatments on water use efficiency were significant (P<0.01)”
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See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.