Abstract
Plant protein inhibitors counteract the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) secreted by pathogens to breach the plant cell-wall barrier. Transgenic plants expressing a single protein inhibitor restrict pathogen infections. However, since pathogens secrete a number of CWDEs at the onset of infection, we combined more inhibitors in a single wheat genotype to reinforce further the cell-wall barrier. We combined polygalacturonase (PG) inhibiting protein (PGIP) and pectin methyl esterase inhibitor (PMEI), both controlling the activity of PG, one of the first CWDEs secreted during infection. We also pyramided PGIP and TAXI-III, a xylanase inhibitor that controls the activity of xylanases, key factors for the degradation of xylan, a main component of cereal cell wall. We demonstrated that the pyramiding of PGIP and PMEI did not contribute to any further improvement of disease resistance. However, the presence of both pectinase inhibitors ensured a broader spectrum of disease resistance. Conversely, the PGIP and TAXI-III combination contributed to further improvement of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance, probably because these inhibitors target the activity of different types of CWDEs, i.e., PGs and xylanases. Worth mentioning, the reduction of FHB symptoms is accompanied by a reduction of deoxynivalenol accumulation with a foreseen great benefit to human and animal health.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Combining PGIP and PMEI did not further improve disease resistance.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- pyramiding of PGIP and PMEIe0
- Outcome
- disease resistancee0
- Direction
- did not contribute to any further improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pyramiding of PGIP and PMEI did not contribute to any further improvement of disease resistance”
t0“Pyramiding PvPGIP2 and TAXI-III But Not PvPGIP2 and PMEI Enhances Resistance Against Fusarium graminearum”
e1“single wheat genotype”
Claim · model-written summary
The two pectinase inhibitors broadened the spectrum of disease resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- both pectinase inhibitorse0
- Outcome
- spectrum of disease resistancee0
- Direction
- broadere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the presence of both pectinase inhibitors ensured a broader spectrum of disease resistance”
t0“Pyramiding PvPGIP2 and TAXI-III But Not PvPGIP2 and PMEI Enhances Resistance Against Fusarium graminearum”
e1“single wheat genotype”
Claim · model-written summary
The PGIP and TAXI-III combination further improved Fusarium head blight resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- PGIP and TAXI-III combinatione0
- Outcome
- Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistancee0
- Direction
- improvemente0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the PGIP and TAXI-III combination contributed to further improvement of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance”
t0“Pyramiding PvPGIP2 and TAXI-III But Not PvPGIP2 and PMEI Enhances Resistance Against Fusarium graminearum”
e1“single wheat genotype”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced FHB symptoms accompanied reduced deoxynivalenol accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- PGIP and TAXI-IIIe2
- Outcome
- deoxynivalenol accumulatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- reduction of FHB symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reduction of FHB symptoms is accompanied by a reduction of deoxynivalenol accumulation”
e2“the PGIP and TAXI-III combination contributed to further improvement of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance”
t0“Pyramiding PvPGIP2 and TAXI-III But Not PvPGIP2 and PMEI Enhances Resistance Against Fusarium graminearum”
e1“single wheat genotype”
The same questions in other papers
methyl · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.