Abstract
Establishment of seeded `Zenith' zoysiagrass ( Zoysia japonica Steud.) in an existing sward of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) is difficult, and chemicals arising from perennial ryegrass leaf and root tissue may contribute to establishment failure. Experiments were done to evaluate zoysiagrass emergence and growth in soil amended with perennial ryegrass leaves or roots, or after irrigation with water in which perennial ryegrass leaves or roots had previously been soaked. Compared to unamended soil, soil amended with perennial ryegrass leaves at 12% and 23% by weight reduced zoysiagrass seedling number 20% and 26%, respectively; root area and mass were reduced 50% when amendments comprised 12% of soil weight. Similar reductions in zoysiagrass seedling emergence and growth were observed in a second soil amendment study, regardless of whether perennial ryegrass was treated with glyphosate or not. Soil mixed with perennial ryegrass leaves, but not roots, at 12% by weight had a high soil conductivity (5.1 dS·m –1 ), which could have contributed to reduced zoysiagrass emergence and growth. More than 50% fewer zoysiagrass seedlings emerged and root mass was up to 65% lower when irrigated with water in which perennial ryegrass leaves or roots at 5, 10, or 20 g·L –1 were previously soaked for 48 hours. Zoysiagrass leaf area, and root length and area, were also lower when irrigated with water previously containing perennial ryegrass roots. Perennial ryegrass leaves and roots have the capacity to inhibit emergence and growth of `Zenith' zoysiagrass seedlings, which could negatively affect stand establishment.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass leaves at 12% soil weight reduced zoysiagrass seedling number by 20%.
- Treatment
- soil amended with perennial ryegrass leaves at 12%e0
- Interactor
- perennial ryegrass
Lolium perennee0weed - Outcome
- zoysiagrass seedling numbere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- unamended soile0
ZoysiaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to unamended soil, soil amended with perennial ryegrass leaves at 12% and 23% by weight reduced zoysiagrass seedling number 20% and 26%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass leaves at 23% soil weight reduced zoysiagrass seedling number by 26%.
- Treatment
- perennial ryegrass leaves at 12% and 23% by weighte0
- Interactor
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee0weed
- Outcome
- zoysiagrass seedling numbere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 26%e0
- Comparator
- unamended soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to unamended soil, soil amended with perennial ryegrass leaves at 12% and 23% by weight reduced zoysiagrass seedling number 20% and 26%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass leaves at 12% soil weight reduced zoysiagrass root area and mass by 50%.
- Treatment
- amendments comprised 12% of soil weighte0
- Interactor
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennet0weed
- Outcome
- root area and masse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zoysiagrass Seedling Emergence and Growth by Perennial Ryegrass”
e0“root area and mass were reduced 50% when amendments comprised 12% of soil weight”
Claim · model-written summary
A second soil amendment study found similar reductions regardless of glyphosate treatment of ryegrass.
- Treatment
- soil amendmente0
- Interactor
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee0weed
- Outcome
- zoysiagrass seedling emergence and growthe0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Qualifier
- regardless of whether perennial ryegrass was treated with glyphosate or note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar reductions in zoysiagrass seedling emergence and growth were observed in a second soil amendment study, regardless of whether perennial ryegrass was treated with glyphosate or not.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil with ryegrass leaves at 12% weight had conductivity of 5.1 dS·m –1.
- Treatment
- perennial ryegrass leaves, but not roots, at 12% by weighte0
- Interactor
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee0weed
- Outcome
- soil conductivitye0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 5.1 dS·m –1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zoysiagrass Seedling Emergence and Growth by Perennial Ryegrass”
e0“Soil mixed with perennial ryegrass leaves, but not roots, at 12% by weight had a high soil conductivity (5.1 dS·m –1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation with ryegrass leaf or root soak water reduced zoysiagrass seedling emergence by more than 50%.
- Treatment
- irrigated with water in which perennial ryegrass leaves or roots at 5, 10, or 20 g·L –1 were previously soaked for 48 hourse0
- Interactor
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee0weed
- Outcome
- zoysiagrass seedlings emergede0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Value
- More than 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More than 50% fewer zoysiagrass seedlings emerged and root mass was up to 65% lower when irrigated with water in which perennial ryegrass leaves or roots at 5, 10, or 20 g·L –1 were previously soaked for 48 hours.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation with ryegrass soak water lowered zoysiagrass root mass by up to 65%.
- Treatment
- irrigated with water in which perennial ryegrass leaves or roots at 5, 10, or 20 g·L –1 were previously soaked for 48 hourse0
- Interactor
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee0weed
- Outcome
- root masse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 65%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More than 50% fewer zoysiagrass seedlings emerged and root mass was up to 65% lower when irrigated with water in which perennial ryegrass leaves or roots at 5, 10, or 20 g·L –1 were previously soaked for 48 hours.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass root soak water lowered zoysiagrass leaf area, root length and root area.
- Treatment
- irrigated with water previously containing perennial ryegrass rootse0
- Interactor
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee0weed
- Outcome
- leaf area, and root length and areae0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zoysiagrass leaf area, and root length and area, were also lower when irrigated with water previously containing perennial ryegrass roots.”
The same questions in other papers
application · growth · ZoysiaPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.