Abstract
Influence of elevated CO 2 (570 ± 25 ppm) and elevated temperature (≃3 °C higher than ambient) on rice ( Oryza sativa L.) and brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) was studied in open top chambers during rainy season of 2013. Elevated CO 2 and temperature exhibited positive effect on BPH multiplication thus enhancing its population (55.2 ± 5.7 hoppers/hill) in comparison to ambient CO 2 and temperature (25.5 ± 2.1 hoppers/hill). Elevated CO 2 + temperature significantly reduced the adult longevity and nymphal duration by 17.4 and 18.5 % respectively, however elevated conditions increased BPH fecundity by 29.5 %. In rice crop, interactive effect of elevated CO 2 and temperature led to an increase in the number of tillers (20.1 %) and canopy circumference (30.4 %), but resulted in a decrease of reproductive tillers (10.8 %), seeds/panicle (10.9 %) and 1000-seed weight (8.6 %) thereby reducing grain yield (9.8 %). Moreover, positive effect of increased CO 2 concentration and temperature on BPH population exacerbates the damage (30.6) which in turn coupled with the plant traits to hampering production.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 and temperature raised brown planthopper population to 55.2 ± 5.7 hoppers per hill versus 25.5 ± 2.1 under ambient conditions.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Elevated CO 2 and temperaturee0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Outcome
- BPH multiplicatione0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Value
- 55.2 ± 5.7 hoppers/hille0
- Qualifier
- 25.5 ± 2.1 hoppers/hille0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2 and temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO 2 and temperature exhibited positive effect on BPH multiplication thus enhancing its population (55.2 ± 5.7 hoppers/hill) in comparison to ambient CO 2 and temperature (25.5 ± 2.1 hoppers/hill)”
t0“Rice Ecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated conditions reduced brown planthopper adult longevity by 17.4%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2 + temperaturee0
- Interactor
- BPHe1pest
- Outcome
- adult longevitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 17.4e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO 2 + temperature significantly reduced the adult longevity and nymphal duration by 17.4 and 18.5 % respectively”
t0“Rice Ecosystem”
e1“brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated conditions reduced brown planthopper nymphal duration by 18.5%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2 + temperaturee0
- Interactor
- BPHe1pest
- Outcome
- nymphal duratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 18.5 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO 2 + temperature significantly reduced the adult longevity and nymphal duration by 17.4 and 18.5 % respectively”
t0“Rice Ecosystem”
e1“brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated conditions increased brown planthopper fecundity by 29.5%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated conditionse0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Outcome
- BPH fecunditye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 29.5 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated conditions increased BPH fecundity by 29.5 %”
t0“Rice Ecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 and temperature increased rice tiller number by 20.1%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 and temperaturee0
- Outcome
- number of tillerse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 20.1 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“interactive effect of elevated CO 2 and temperature led to an increase in the number of tillers (20.1 %) and canopy circumference (30.4 %)”
t0“Rice Ecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 and temperature increased rice canopy circumference by 30.4%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 and temperaturee0
- Outcome
- canopy circumferencee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 30.4 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“interactive effect of elevated CO 2 and temperature led to an increase in the number of tillers (20.1 %) and canopy circumference (30.4 %)”
t0“Rice Ecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 and temperature decreased reproductive tillers by 10.8%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 and temperaturee1
- Outcome
- reproductive tillerse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 10.8 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulted in a decrease of reproductive tillers (10.8 %), seeds/panicle (10.9 %) and 1000-seed weight (8.6 %) thereby reducing grain yield (9.8 %)”
t0“Rice Ecosystem”
e1“interactive effect of elevated CO 2 and temperature led to an increase in the number of tillers (20.1 %) and canopy circumference (30.4 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 and temperature decreased seeds per panicle by 10.9%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 and temperaturee1
- Outcome
- seeds/paniclee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 10.9 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulted in a decrease of reproductive tillers (10.8 %), seeds/panicle (10.9 %) and 1000-seed weight (8.6 %) thereby reducing grain yield (9.8 %)”
t0“Rice Ecosystem”
e1“interactive effect of elevated CO 2 and temperature led to an increase in the number of tillers (20.1 %) and canopy circumference (30.4 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 and temperature decreased 1000-seed weight by 8.6%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 and temperaturee1
- Outcome
- 1000-seed weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 8.6 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulted in a decrease of reproductive tillers (10.8 %), seeds/panicle (10.9 %) and 1000-seed weight (8.6 %) thereby reducing grain yield (9.8 %)”
t0“Rice Ecosystem”
e1“interactive effect of elevated CO 2 and temperature led to an increase in the number of tillers (20.1 %) and canopy circumference (30.4 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 and temperature reduced rice grain yield by 9.8%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 and temperaturee1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 9.8 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulted in a decrease of reproductive tillers (10.8 %), seeds/panicle (10.9 %) and 1000-seed weight (8.6 %) thereby reducing grain yield (9.8 %)”
t0“Rice Ecosystem”
e1“interactive effect of elevated CO 2 and temperature led to an increase in the number of tillers (20.1 %) and canopy circumference (30.4 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
The larger planthopper population exacerbated crop damage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“positive effect of increased CO 2 concentration and temperature on BPH population exacerbates the damage (30.6)”
t0“Rice Ecosystem”
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