Abstract
Greenhouse and field experiments were initiated to evaluate rapeseed and mustard species as green manure crops for weed suppression. Under greenhouse conditions incorporating 20 g fresh wt leaf and stem tissue of rapeseed, two white mustards, and brown mustard into 450 g Sharpsburg, silty clay loam soil resulted in significant reductions in weed emergence, biomass, and height. Kochia, shepherd's-purse, and green foxtail emergences were reduced by all green manure crops. Redroot pigweed emergence was reduced by all green manure crops except brown mustard, and velvetleaf emergence was reduced by white mustards only. Kochia and shepherd's-purse fresh weights were reduced by all green manure crops, while redroot pigweed and velvetleaf fresh weights were reduced by brown mustard and white mustard var. Salvo. Green foxtail fresh weight was reduced by all green manure crops except rapeseed. With the exception of shepherd's-purse, no relationship between glucosinolate content of the incorporated green manure and suppression of weed growth was found. Under field conditions, early spring-planted green manure crops reduced early season weed biomass in soybean at one of the two locations. Mustard species as green manure crops reduced total weed biomass in soybean by 40% 4 weeks after emergence (WAE) and 49% 6 WAE. Soybean biomass and yield were sometimes reduced by the incorporation of green manure crops in treatments containing weeds; however, hand-weeded plots with green manure treatments yielded similar to hand-weeded plots without green manure.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure incorporation significantly reduced weed emergence, biomass and height in greenhouse soil.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- incorporating 20 g fresh wt leaf and stem tissue of rapeseed, two white mustards, and brown mustarde0
- Outcome
- weed emergence, biomass, and heighte0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Setting
- Sharpsburge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“incorporating 20 g fresh wt leaf and stem tissue of rapeseed, two white mustards, and brown mustard into 450 g Sharpsburg, silty clay loam soil resulted in significant reductions in weed emergence, biomass, and height.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
All green manures reduced emergence of kochia, shepherd’s-purse and green foxtail.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- all green manure cropse0
- Outcome
- emergencese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- shepherd's-purse, and green foxtaile0
BassiaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kochia, shepherd's-purse, and green foxtail emergences were reduced by all green manure crops.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Redroot pigweed emergence fell under all green manures except brown mustard.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- all green manure crops except brown mustarde0
- Interactor
- Redroot pigweede0weed
- Outcome
- Redroot pigweed emergencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Redroot pigweed emergence was reduced by all green manure crops except brown mustard”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
White mustards reduced velvetleaf emergence.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- white mustardse0
- Interactor
- velvetleaf
Abutilon theophrastie0weed - Outcome
- velvetleaf emergencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“velvetleaf emergence was reduced by white mustards only”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
All green manures reduced fresh weights of kochia and shepherd’s-purse.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- all green manure cropse0
- Outcome
- Kochia and shepherd's-purse fresh weightse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- shepherd's-pursee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kochia and shepherd's-purse fresh weights were reduced by all green manure crops”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Brown mustard and white mustard Salvo reduced redroot pigweed and velvetleaf fresh weights.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- brown mustard and white mustard var. Salvoe0
- Interactor
- redroot pigweede0weed
- Outcome
- redroot pigweed and velvetleaf fresh weightse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- velvetleafe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“redroot pigweed and velvetleaf fresh weights were reduced by brown mustard and white mustard var. Salvo”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
All green manures except rapeseed reduced green foxtail fresh weight.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- all green manure crops except rapeseede0
- Interactor
- Green foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- Green foxtail fresh weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Green foxtail fresh weight was reduced by all green manure crops except rapeseed.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucosinolate content was unrelated to weed growth suppression except for shepherd’s-purse.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- glucosinolatee0
- Outcome
- suppression of weed growthe0
- Qualifier
- With the exception of shepherd's-pursee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the exception of shepherd's-purse, no relationship between glucosinolate content of the incorporated green manure and suppression of weed growth was found.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manures reduced early season weed biomass at one of two soybean field locations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- early spring-planted green manure cropse0
- Outcome
- early season weed biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- one of the two locationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early spring-planted green manure crops reduced early season weed biomass in soybean at one of the two locations.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mustard green manure reduced total weed biomass by 40% at 4 WAE.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Mustard species as green manure cropse0
- Outcome
- total weed biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 40%e0
- Qualifier
- 4 weeks after emergence (WAE)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mustard species as green manure crops reduced total weed biomass in soybean by 40% 4 weeks after emergence (WAE) and 49% 6 WAE.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mustard green manure reduced total weed biomass by 49% at 6 WAE.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Mustard species as green manure cropse0
- Outcome
- total weed biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 49%e0
- Qualifier
- 6 WAEe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mustard species as green manure crops reduced total weed biomass in soybean by 40% 4 weeks after emergence (WAE) and 49% 6 WAE.”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure sometimes reduced soybean biomass in plots with weeds.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- incorporation of green manure cropse0
- Outcome
- Soybean biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in treatments containing weedse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean biomass and yield were sometimes reduced by the incorporation of green manure crops in treatments containing weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure sometimes reduced soybean yield in plots with weeds.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- incorporation of green manure cropse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in treatments containing weedse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean biomass and yield were sometimes reduced by the incorporation of green manure crops in treatments containing weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand-weeded soybean plots yielded similarly with and without green manure.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- green manure treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- hand-weeded plots without green manuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hand-weeded plots with green manure treatments yielded similar to hand-weeded plots without green manure.”
t0“Soybean”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.