Abstract
Almond leaf scorch disease (ALSD), caused by Xylella fastidiosa, has been reported from some regions of Iran. Biological traits of isolates the pathogen from almond were investigated in pot and orchard conditions. ALSD killed trees of susceptible cultivars during 3 to 4 years outdoors in pots, but overwintered in root tissues in orchards with winter temperatures below -15°C. Xylella fastidiosa was not detected by culturing or DAS-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) in almond leaves until early summer and peaked in early autumn. However, root samples taken in winter (January and February) and early spring (April) reacted positively in DAS-ELISA, culture media and polymerase chain reaction assays. This demonstrates that X. fastidiosa survives in root tissues of almond trees under orchard conditions in very cold (-28°C) winters. Trunk injection of oxytetracycline into leaf scorched almond trees reduced symptoms of the disease, while penicillin applications also reduced symptoms but to a lesser degree.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Almond leaf scorch killed susceptible cultivars within 3 to 4 years in outdoor pots.
- Taxon
- almond
Prunus dulcist0 - Interactor
- Xylella fastidiosa
Xylella fastidiosat0pathogen - Outcome
- ALSD killed treese0
- Value
- 3 to 4 yearse0
- Setting
- outdoors in potse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ALSD killed trees of susceptible cultivars during 3 to 4 years outdoors in pots”
t0“Xylella fastidiosa from almond”
Claim · model-written summary
Xylella persisted in almond orchard roots through very cold winters.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcise0
- Interactor
- X. fastidiosaXylella fastidiosae0pathogen
- Outcome
- X. fastidiosa survives in root tissuese0
- Value
- -28°Ce0
- Setting
- orchard conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This demonstrates that X. fastidiosa survives in root tissues of almond trees under orchard conditions in very cold (-28°C) winters”
Claim · model-written summary
Xylella was undetected in almond leaves until early summer and peaked in early autumn.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcise0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Interactor
- Xylella fastidiosaXylella fastidiosae0pathogen
- Outcome
- Xylella fastidiosa was not detectede0
- Qualifier
- until early summer and peaked in early autumne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Xylella fastidiosa was not detected by culturing or DAS-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) in almond leaves until early summer and peaked in early autumn”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter and early spring almond root samples tested positive for Xylella.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcist0
- Organ / stage
- root samplese0
- Interactor
- Xylella fastidiosaXylella fastidiosat0pathogen
- Outcome
- reacted positively in DAS-ELISA, culture media and polymerase chain reaction assayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root samples taken in winter (January and February) and early spring (April) reacted positively in DAS-ELISA, culture media and polymerase chain reaction assays”
t0“Xylella fastidiosa from almond”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxytetracycline trunk injection reduced almond leaf scorch symptoms.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcise0
- Treatment
- Trunk injection of oxytetracyclinee0
- Interactor
- Xylella fastidiosaXylella fastidiosat0pathogen
- Outcome
- symptoms of the diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trunk injection of oxytetracycline into leaf scorched almond trees reduced symptoms of the disease”
t0“Xylella fastidiosa from almond”
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillin reduced almond leaf scorch symptoms less than oxytetracycline.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcist0
- Treatment
- penicillin applicationse0
- Interactor
- Xylella fastidiosaXylella fastidiosat0pathogen
- Outcome
- symptomse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- oxytetracyclinee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“penicillin applications also reduced symptoms but to a lesser degree”
t0“Xylella fastidiosa from almond in Iran: overwinter recovery and effects of antibiotics”
e1“Trunk injection of oxytetracycline into leaf scorched almond trees reduced symptoms of the disease”
The same questions in other papers
application · Xylella fastidiosa · Prunus dulcis (almond)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.