Abstract
Abstract The study was conducted on the Biała Lądecka River which is a mountain river. It is similar to many European mountain rivers in terms of hydromorphology and catchment management. The aim of this study was to determine the bioconcentration factors of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, Ni, Cr, Cu and Zn) in Ranunculus aquatile (L.) Dumort., Fontinalis antipyretica (L. ex Hedw.), and Lemanea fluviatilis (L.) C.Ag. The content of metals in water, sediment, and submerged plants was determined. The metal concentrations in plants can be arranged as follows: Hg < Cd < Cr < Ni < Cu < Pb <Zn. The highest concentrations of Hg, Ni, Cr, and Cu were observed in F. antipyretica , but the highest concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Zn were in R. aquatile . L. fluviatilis always contained the least amounts of heavy metals. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were lowest in L. fluviatilis and highest in F. antipyretica . Among the analyzed metals, plants accumulated the highest amount of Zn, and the least of Hg. The BCFs for Zn were from 24111 (in L. fluviatilis ) to 97574 (in R. aquatile ), and BCFs for Hg were from 29 (in L. fluviatilis ) to 226 (in F. antipyretica ).
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Metal concentrations in the submerged plants rose in the order Hg < Cd < Cr < Ni < Cu < Pb < Zn.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Outcome
- metal concentrationse0
- Qualifier
- Hg < Cd < Cr < Ni < Cu < Pb <Zne0
Verbatim
e0“The metal concentrations in plants can be arranged as follows: Hg < Cd < Cr < Ni < Cu < Pb <Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
F. antipyretica had the highest concentrations of Hg, Ni, Cr and Cu.
- Taxon
- F. antipyretica
Fontinalis antipyreticae0 - Outcome
- highest concentrations of Hg, Ni, Cr, and Cue0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest concentrations of Hg, Ni, Cr, and Cu were observed in F. antipyretica”
Claim · model-written summary
R. aquatile had the highest concentrations of Pb, Cd and Zn.
Verbatim
e0“the highest concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Zn were in R. aquatile”
Claim · model-written summary
L. fluviatilis always contained the least amounts of heavy metals.
- Taxon
- L. fluviatilisLemanea fluviatilise0
- Outcome
- least amounts of heavy metalse0
Verbatim
e0“L. fluviatilis always contained the least amounts of heavy metals”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioconcentration factors of heavy metals were lowest in L. fluviatilis.
- Taxon
- L. fluviatilisLemanea fluviatilise0
- Outcome
- Bioconcentration factors (BCFs)e0
- Direction
- loweste0
Verbatim
e0“Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were lowest in L. fluviatilis and highest in F. antipyretica”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioconcentration factors of heavy metals were highest in F. antipyretica.
- Taxon
- F. antipyreticaFontinalis antipyreticae0
- Outcome
- Bioconcentration factors (BCFs)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were lowest in L. fluviatilis and highest in F. antipyretica”
Claim · model-written summary
The submerged plants accumulated the highest amount of Zn and the least of Hg among the analysed metals.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Outcome
- highest amount of Zn, and the least of Hge0
Verbatim
e0“Among the analyzed metals, plants accumulated the highest amount of Zn, and the least of Hg”
Claim · model-written summary
The bioconcentration factor for Zn in L. fluviatilis was 24111.
- Taxon
- L. fluviatilisLemanea fluviatilise0
- Outcome
- BCFs for Zne0
- Value
- 24111e0
Verbatim
e0“The BCFs for Zn were from 24111 (in L. fluviatilis ) to 97574 (in R. aquatile )”
Claim · model-written summary
The bioconcentration factor for Zn in R. aquatile was 97574.
Verbatim
e0“The BCFs for Zn were from 24111 (in L. fluviatilis ) to 97574 (in R. aquatile )”
Claim · model-written summary
The bioconcentration factor for Hg in L. fluviatilis was 29.
- Taxon
- L. fluviatilisLemanea fluviatilise0
- Outcome
- BCFs for Hge0
- Value
- 29e0
Verbatim
e0“BCFs for Hg were from 29 (in L. fluviatilis ) to 226 (in F. antipyretica )”
Claim · model-written summary
The bioconcentration factor for Hg in F. antipyretica was 226.
- Taxon
- F. antipyreticaFontinalis antipyreticae0
- Outcome
- BCFs for Hge0
- Value
- 226e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BCFs for Hg were from 29 (in L. fluviatilis ) to 226 (in F. antipyretica )”