Abstract
Collateral bundles with external position of the phloem characterize the stem vasculature of most seed plants. An earlier study highlighted the occurrence of inverted peripheral bundles in the leafless inflorescence peduncle of the rare Australian aquatic Maundia triglochinoides. This unusual feature and other morphological and molecular data supported the recognition of the monogeneric Maundiaceae, but the anatomy of the leaves, rhizomes and roots of Maundia remained unknown and is studied here. Maundia has an iterative sympodial growth with all shoots bearing five tubular cataphylls splitting longitudinally and simulating open sheaths at maturity and two (or three) linear foliage leaves without a conspicuous basal sheath. This morphology distinguishes Maundiaceae from all other Alismatales. The rhizome has an atactostele with collateral bundles of normal orientation; peripheral bundles are absent. Cataphylls have a series of normally oriented bundles. Foliage leaves are thick, bifacial, semi-elliptical in cross-section, with a thin subepidermal layer of chlorenchyma on both sides, accompanied by peripheral bundles with xylem facing outwards (thus abaxial peripheral bundles are inverted) and central large bundles of normal orientation. Strong anatomical similarity between leaves and peduncles is related to their shared function as assimilatory organs. As in angiosperm succulents, the threedimensional leaf venation in thick aquatic and helophyte leaves of Alismatales serves to reduce transport distances between veins and photosynthetic cells. In both cases, the patterns of orientation of peripheral bundles (with inverted adaxial or abaxial bundles) are unstable in large clades. These slender bundles cannot be used for the identification of unifacial leaves. Some anatomical characters express homoplastic similarities between Maundiaceae and Aponogetonaceae.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Maundia has iterative sympodial growth with five tubular cataphylls per shoot and two or three linear foliage leaves.
- Outcome
- iterative sympodial growth with all shoots bearing five tubular cataphyllse0
MaundiaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maundia has an iterative sympodial growth with all shoots bearing five tubular cataphylls splitting longitudinally and simulating open sheaths at maturity and two (or three) linear foliage leaves without a conspicuous basal sheath”
Claim · model-written summary
The morphology of Maundia distinguishes Maundiaceae from all other Alismatales.
- Taxon
- MaundiaceaeMaundiaceaee0
- Outcome
- distinguishes Maundiaceae from all other Alismatalese0
Verbatim
e0“Maundia has an iterative sympodial growth with all shoots bearing five tubular cataphylls splitting longitudinally and simulating open sheaths at maturity and two (or three) linear foliage leaves without a conspicuous basal sheath. This morphology distinguishes Maundiaceae from all other Alismatales”
Claim · model-written summary
The rhizome of Maundia has collateral bundles of normal orientation and no peripheral bundles.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maundia has an iterative sympodial growth”
e2“The rhizome has an atactostele with collateral bundles of normal orientation; peripheral bundles are absent”
Claim · model-written summary
The cataphylls of Maundia have a series of normally oriented bundles.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maundia has an iterative sympodial growth”
e3“Cataphylls have a series of normally oriented bundles”
Claim · model-written summary
Maundia foliage leaves have peripheral bundles with xylem facing outwards, so abaxial peripheral bundles are inverted.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maundia has an iterative sympodial growth”
e4“Foliage leaves are thick, bifacial, semi-elliptical in cross-section, with a thin subepidermal layer of chlorenchyma on both sides, accompanied by peripheral bundles with xylem facing outwards (thus abaxial peripheral bundles are inverted) and central large bundles of normal orientation”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves and peduncles of Maundia are strongly similar in anatomy, related to their shared assimilatory function.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maundia has an iterative sympodial growth”
e5“Strong anatomical similarity between leaves and peduncles is related to their shared function as assimilatory organs”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf venation in thick aquatic and helophyte Alismatales leaves is proposed to reduce transport distances between veins and photosynthetic cells.
- Taxon
- AlismatalesAlismatalese6
- Organ / stage
- thick aquatic and helophyte leavese6
- Outcome
- reduce transport distances between veins and photosynthetic cellse6
Verbatim
e6“As in angiosperm succulents, the threedimensional leaf venation in thick aquatic and helophyte leaves of Alismatales serves to reduce transport distances between veins and photosynthetic cells”
Claim · model-written summary
The orientation patterns of peripheral bundles are unstable in large Alismatales clades.
- Taxon
- AlismatalesAlismatalese6
- Outcome
- are unstable in large cladese7
Verbatim
e6“As in angiosperm succulents, the threedimensional leaf venation in thick aquatic and helophyte leaves of Alismatales serves to reduce transport distances between veins and photosynthetic cells”
e7“In both cases, the patterns of orientation of peripheral bundles (with inverted adaxial or abaxial bundles) are unstable in large clades. These slender bundles cannot be used for the identification of unifacial leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Slender peripheral bundles cannot be used to identify unifacial leaves.
- Taxon
- AlismatalesAlismatalese6
- Outcome
- cannot be used for the identification of unifacial leavese7
Verbatim
e6“As in angiosperm succulents, the threedimensional leaf venation in thick aquatic and helophyte leaves of Alismatales serves to reduce transport distances between veins and photosynthetic cells”
e7“In both cases, the patterns of orientation of peripheral bundles (with inverted adaxial or abaxial bundles) are unstable in large clades. These slender bundles cannot be used for the identification of unifacial leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Some anatomical characters show homoplastic similarities between Maundiaceae and Aponogetonaceae.
- Taxon
- MaundiaceaeMaundiaceaee1
- Outcome
- homoplastic similarities between Maundiaceae and Aponogetonaceaee1
Verbatim
e1“Some anatomical characters express homoplastic similarities between Maundiaceae and Aponogetonaceae”