Abstract
Relationship of different morphogenetic processes in immature embryo cultures from 15 spring bread wheat varieties of different ecological and geographical origin was studied. Embryos (14–16 days post anthesis with 1.3–1.5 mm in size) were placed with the sculletum upwards on a solid agar medium containing the inorganic components of Linsmaier & Skoog (LS), 3 % sucrose, 2.0 mg l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Induced calli were subcultured after 25–30 days interval in fresh medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg l-1 kinetin. Embryogenic calli were transferred to LS medium containing 0.2 mg l-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Varietal polymorphism was revealed in relation to callusogenesis, morphogenesis and plant regeneration. The frequency of callusogenesis made 94.3 % with variation from 76.6 % to 100 % depending on a genotype. An active morphogenic process was revealed in 72 % of the varieties tested. The regeneration level depended on the type of morphogenesis (embryoidogenesis, hemmorhizogenesis and rhizogenesis). On average across all varieties it was not high and made 97.9 %; that is one morphogenic line produced about one plant. Organogenesis in 80.2 % of morphogenic calluses did not reach the development stage of the whole plant and stopped with root production. Plant regeneration by embryoido- and hemmorhizogenesis occurred in 19.8 % of morphogenic calluses. For the study of theoretical aspects of embryoido- and organogenesis as well as genetic transformation of plants the varieties with high regeneration potential are proposed as model objects (Spektr, Skala, Leones, and Zhnitsa). Positive correlation of embryoido-, hemmorhizogenesis and plant regeneration was revealed (r = 0.777), and it proves that there is a common genetic system responsible for those processes. When factorial trait shifted by 1 %, the resultant trait (regeneration) increases by 3.59 %. Negative correlation was found between rhizogenesis and regeneration level (r = -0.749). The rise in rhizogenesis frequency by 1 % results in regeneration decrease by 1.1 %. There is no correlation of calluso- and morphogenesis indicating that they are genetically independent. The analysis of multiple correlations between calluso-, morphogenesis and plant regeneration revealed the dominant factors determining regenerant output. They were the processes of the embryoido- and hemmorhizogenesis. Their contribution to the variability of plant regeneration level was about 51 %. The effect of rhizogenesis was about 12 %. Possible reasons of the revealed correlations between different morphogenetic processes are discussed.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat varieties differed in callusogenesis, morphogenesis and regeneration.
- Taxon
- WHEAT
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- Varietal polymorphisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Varietal polymorphism was revealed in relation to callusogenesis, morphogenesis and plant regeneration”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Callusogenesis frequency averaged 94.3%, varying from 76.6% to 100% by genotype.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- frequency of callusogenesise0
- Value
- 94.3 %e0
- Qualifier
- 76.6 % to 100 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The frequency of callusogenesis made 94.3 % with variation from 76.6 % to 100 % depending on a genotype”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Active morphogenesis occurred in 72% of varieties.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- active morphogenic processe0
- Value
- 72 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An active morphogenic process was revealed in 72 % of the varieties tested”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Regeneration level depended on morphogenesis type.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- embryoidogenesis, hemmorhizogenesis and rhizogenesise0
- Outcome
- regeneration levele0
- Qualifier
- type of morphogenesise0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The regeneration level depended on the type of morphogenesis (embryoidogenesis, hemmorhizogenesis and rhizogenesis)”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean regeneration level was 97.9%, about one plant per morphogenic line.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- regeneration levele1
- Value
- 97.9 %e0
- Qualifier
- one morphogenic line produced about one plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On average across all varieties it was not high and made 97.9 %; that is one morphogenic line produced about one plant”
e1“The regeneration level depended on the type of morphogenesis”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Organogenesis stopped at root production in 80.2% of morphogenic calluses.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- stopped with root productione0
- Value
- 80.2 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organogenesis in 80.2 % of morphogenic calluses did not reach the development stage of the whole plant and stopped with root production”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryoidogenesis and hemmorhizogenesis regenerated plants in 19.8% of morphogenic calluses.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Plant regeneration by embryoido- and hemmorhizogenesise0
- Value
- 19.8 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant regeneration by embryoido- and hemmorhizogenesis occurred in 19.8 % of morphogenic calluses”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Spektr, Skala, Leones and Zhnitsa were proposed as high-regeneration model varieties.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Spektr, Skala, Leones, and Zhnitsae0
- Outcome
- proposed as model objectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the varieties with high regeneration potential are proposed as model objects (Spektr, Skala, Leones, and Zhnitsa)”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryoidogenesis and hemmorhizogenesis were positively correlated with regeneration (r = 0.777).
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- embryoido-, hemmorhizogenesise0
- Outcome
- plant regeneratione0
- Direction
- Positive correlatione0
- Value
- r = 0.777e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Positive correlation of embryoido-, hemmorhizogenesis and plant regeneration was revealed (r = 0.777)”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1% increase in the factorial trait corresponded to 3.59% higher regeneration.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- factorial traite0
- Outcome
- regeneratione0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 3.59 %e0
- Qualifier
- factorial trait shifted by 1 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When factorial trait shifted by 1 %, the resultant trait (regeneration) increases by 3.59 %”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizogenesis was negatively correlated with regeneration (r = -0.749).
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- rhizogenesise0
- Outcome
- regeneration levele0
- Direction
- Negative correlatione0
- Value
- r = -0.749e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Negative correlation was found between rhizogenesis and regeneration level (r = -0.749)”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1% rise in rhizogenesis frequency corresponded to 1.1% lower regeneration.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- rhizogenesise0
- Outcome
- regeneratione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 1.1 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rise in rhizogenesis frequency by 1 % results in regeneration decrease by 1.1 %”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Callusogenesis and morphogenesis were uncorrelated.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- calluso-e0
- Outcome
- morphogenesise0
- Direction
- no correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There is no correlation of calluso- and morphogenesis”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryoidogenesis and hemmorhizogenesis explained about 51% of regeneration variability.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- embryoido- and hemmorhizogenesise0
- Outcome
- variability of plant regeneration levele0
- Value
- about 51 %e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They were the processes of the embryoido- and hemmorhizogenesis. Their contribution to the variability of plant regeneration level was about 51 %”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizogenesis accounted for about 12% of regeneration variation.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- rhizogenesise0
- Outcome
- variability of plant regeneration levele1
- Value
- about 12 %e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of rhizogenesis was about 12 %”
e1“variability of plant regeneration level”
t0“WHEAT”