Abstract
The Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) resistance gene Tm-1 encodes a direct inhibitor of ToMV RNA replication to protect tomato from infection. The plant Tm-1-like (Tm-1L) protein is predicted to contain an uncharacterized N-terminal UPF0261 domain and a C-terminal TIM-barrel signal transduction (TBST) domain. Homologous searches revealed that proteins containing both of these two domains are mainly present in charophyte green algae and land plants but absent from glaucophytes, red algae and chlorophyte green algae. Although Tm-1 homologs are widely present in bacteria, archaea and fungi, UPF0261- and TBST-domain-containing proteins are generally encoded by different genes in these linages. A co-evolution analysis also suggested a putative interaction between UPF0261- and TBST-domain-containing proteins. Phylogenetic analyses based on homologs of these two domains revealed that plants have acquired UPF0261- and TBST-domain-encoding genes through two independent horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events before the origin of land plants from charophytes. Subsequently, gene fusion occurred between these two horizontally acquired genes and resulted in the origin of the Tm-1L gene in streptophytes. Our results demonstrate a novel evolutionary mechanism through which the recipient organism may acquire genes with functional interaction through two different HGT events and further fuse them into one functional gene.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Proteins with both domains were mainly found in charophyte green algae and land plants and absent from the named other algal groups.
- Taxon
- land plantsEmbryophytae0
- Outcome
- proteins containing both of these two domainse0
Verbatim
e0“proteins containing both of these two domains are mainly present in charophyte green algae and land plants but absent from glaucophytes, red algae and chlorophyte green algae”
Claim · model-written summary
UPF0261 and TBST domains are generally encoded by different genes in bacteria, archaea and fungi.
Verbatim
e0“UPF0261- and TBST-domain-containing proteins are generally encoded by different genes in these linages”
e1“bacteria, archaea and fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-evolution analysis suggested a putative interaction between the two domain-containing proteins.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“A co-evolution analysis also suggested a putative interaction between UPF0261- and TBST-domain-containing proteins”
t1“plant Tm-1-like gene”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants acquired the UPF0261 and TBST domain genes through two independent horizontal transfer events before land plants originated.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Gene
- UPF0261- and TBST-domain-encoding genese0
- Outcome
- two independent horizontal gene transfer (HGT) eventse0
Verbatim
e0“plants have acquired UPF0261- and TBST-domain-encoding genes through two independent horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events before the origin of land plants from charophytes”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusion of the two acquired genes gave rise to Tm-1L in streptophytes.
Verbatim
e0“gene fusion occurred between these two horizontally acquired genes and resulted in the origin of the Tm-1L gene in streptophytes”