Abstract
To investigate effects of the rotation of summer catch crops on remediation retrogressed soils in continuous cropping, a field experiment was conducted. Rice, water spinach, or cress were selected as summer catch crops; bare fallow during summer fallow was used as the control group. Results showed that aquatic crops grown in summer fallow period could effectively reduce soil bulk density and pH, facilitate soil nutrient release, and improve soil physical and chemical properties compared with those grown in fallow period. Paddy-upland rotation could improve soil microbial members and increase bacterial and actinomycete populations; by contrast, paddy-upland rotation could reduce fungal populations and enhance bacterium-to-fungus ratio. Paddy-upland rotation could also actively promote activities of soil enzymes, such as urease, phosphatase, invertase, and catalase. The proposed paddy-upland rotation significantly affected the growth of red pepper; the yield and quality of the grown red pepper were enhanced. Summer catch crops, such as rice, water spinach, and cress significantly increased pepper yield in the following growing season by 15.4%, 10.2% and 14.0%, respectively, compared with those grown in fallow treatment. Therefore, the proposed paddy-upland crop rotation could be a useful method to alleviate continuous cropping problems involved in cultivating red pepper in greenhouses.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Aquatic crops grown in the summer fallow period reduced soil bulk density and pH compared with fallow.
- Taxon
- red pepper
Capsicum annuum var. annuumt0 - Treatment
- aquatic crops grown in summer fallow periode0
- Outcome
- soil bulk density and pHe0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Comparator
- those grown in fallow periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“red pepper”
e0“aquatic crops grown in summer fallow period could effectively reduce soil bulk density and pH, facilitate soil nutrient release, and improve soil physical and chemical properties compared with those grown in fallow period”
Claim · model-written summary
Aquatic crops grown in the summer fallow period facilitated soil nutrient release compared with fallow.
- Taxon
- red pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- aquatic crops grown in summer fallow periode0
- Outcome
- soil nutrient releasee0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Comparator
- those grown in fallow periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“red pepper”
e0“aquatic crops grown in summer fallow period could effectively reduce soil bulk density and pH, facilitate soil nutrient release, and improve soil physical and chemical properties compared with those grown in fallow period”
Claim · model-written summary
Aquatic crops grown in the summer fallow period improved soil physical and chemical properties compared with fallow.
- Taxon
- red pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- aquatic crops grown in summer fallow periode0
- Outcome
- soil physical and chemical propertiese0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Comparator
- those grown in fallow periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“red pepper”
e0“aquatic crops grown in summer fallow period could effectively reduce soil bulk density and pH, facilitate soil nutrient release, and improve soil physical and chemical properties compared with those grown in fallow period”
Claim · model-written summary
Paddy-upland rotation increased bacterial and actinomycete populations in the soil.
- Taxon
- red pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- Paddy-upland rotatione0
- Outcome
- bacterial and actinomycete populationse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- bare fallowe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“red pepper”
e0“Paddy-upland rotation could improve soil microbial members and increase bacterial and actinomycete populations”
e1“bare fallow during summer fallow was used as the control group”
Claim · model-written summary
Paddy-upland rotation reduced soil fungal populations.
- Taxon
- red pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- paddy-upland rotatione0
- Outcome
- fungal populationse0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Comparator
- bare fallowe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“red pepper”
e0“paddy-upland rotation could reduce fungal populations and enhance bacterium-to-fungus ratio”
e1“bare fallow during summer fallow was used as the control group”
Claim · model-written summary
Paddy-upland rotation enhanced the soil bacterium-to-fungus ratio.
- Taxon
- red pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- paddy-upland rotatione0
- Outcome
- bacterium-to-fungus ratioe0
- Direction
- enhancee0
- Comparator
- bare fallowe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“red pepper”
e0“paddy-upland rotation could reduce fungal populations and enhance bacterium-to-fungus ratio”
e1“bare fallow during summer fallow was used as the control group”
Claim · model-written summary
Paddy-upland rotation promoted soil urease, phosphatase and invertase activities.
- Taxon
- red pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- Paddy-upland rotatione0
- Outcome
- urease, phosphatase, invertasee0
- Direction
- promotee0
- Comparator
- bare fallowe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“red pepper”
e0“Paddy-upland rotation could also actively promote activities of soil enzymes, such as urease, phosphatase, invertase, and catalase”
e1“bare fallow during summer fallow was used as the control group”
Claim · model-written summary
Paddy-upland rotation promoted soil catalase activity.
- Taxon
- red pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- Paddy-upland rotatione0
- Outcome
- catalasee0
- Direction
- promotee0
- Comparator
- bare fallowe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“red pepper”
e0“Paddy-upland rotation could also actively promote activities of soil enzymes, such as urease, phosphatase, invertase, and catalase”
e1“bare fallow during summer fallow was used as the control group”
Claim · model-written summary
The paddy-upland rotation significantly affected the growth of red pepper.
- Taxon
- red pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- paddy-upland rotatione0
- Outcome
- growth of red peppere0
- Comparator
- bare fallowe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“red pepper”
e0“The proposed paddy-upland rotation significantly affected the growth of red pepper”
e1“bare fallow during summer fallow was used as the control group”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield and quality of red pepper grown after the rotation were enhanced.
- Taxon
- red pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- paddy-upland rotatione0
- Outcome
- yield and qualitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- bare fallowe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“red pepper”
e0“The proposed paddy-upland rotation significantly affected the growth of red pepper; the yield and quality of the grown red pepper were enhanced”
e1“bare fallow during summer fallow was used as the control group”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice as a summer catch crop increased pepper yield in the following season by 15.4% relative to fallow.
- Taxon
- red pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- ricee0
- Outcome
- pepper yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.4%e0
- Qualifier
- in the following growing seasone0
- Comparator
- those grown in fallow treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“red pepper”
e0“Summer catch crops, such as rice, water spinach, and cress significantly increased pepper yield in the following growing season by 15.4%, 10.2% and 14.0%, respectively, compared with those grown in fallow treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Water spinach as a summer catch crop increased pepper yield in the following season by 10.2% relative to fallow.
- Taxon
- red pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- water spinache0
- Outcome
- pepper yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10.2%e0
- Qualifier
- in the following growing seasone0
- Comparator
- those grown in fallow treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“red pepper”
e0“Summer catch crops, such as rice, water spinach, and cress significantly increased pepper yield in the following growing season by 15.4%, 10.2% and 14.0%, respectively, compared with those grown in fallow treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Cress as a summer catch crop increased pepper yield in the following season by 14.0% relative to fallow.
- Taxon
- red pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuumt0
- Treatment
- cresse0
- Outcome
- pepper yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14.0%e0
- Qualifier
- in the following growing seasone0
- Comparator
- those grown in fallow treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“red pepper”
e0“Summer catch crops, such as rice, water spinach, and cress significantly increased pepper yield in the following growing season by 15.4%, 10.2% and 14.0%, respectively, compared with those grown in fallow treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend paddy-upland crop rotation as a useful way to alleviate continuous cropping problems of greenhouse red pepper.
- Taxon
- red pepperCapsicum annuum var. annuume0
- Treatment
- paddy-upland crop rotatione0
- Outcome
- alleviate continuous cropping problemse0
- Setting
- greenhousese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“red pepper”
e0“the proposed paddy-upland crop rotation could be a useful method to alleviate continuous cropping problems involved in cultivating red pepper in greenhouses”
The same questions in other papers
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rotation · soil: biology · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Results agree
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.