Abstract
Plants, like animals, can recognize specific pathogens by virtue of a highly-evolved immune system. Recognition of pathogens by plants leads to a well-defined series of outputs, including production of reactive oxygen species, cell wall thickening, and a form of programmed cell death called the Hypersensitive Response (HR). At the forefront of this recognition process are the disease Resistance (R) genes. The proteins encoded by R genes are positive regulators of cell death and thus their accumulation is tightly regulated. Here I present evidence implicating cytosolic HSP90 as a central figure in the maintenance of appropriate R protein levels. Cytosolic HSP90 is encoded by four genes in our model plant system, Arabidopsis thaliana. I present data for genetic interactions between two of these HSP90 paralogs. I also demonstrate a physical interaction between HSP90 and RAR1 and SGT1, two proteins previously identified as playing a role in R protein accumulation. Consistent with the physical interaction, double mutant analyses uncovered a genetic interaction between HSP90 and SGT1. Furthermore mutant forms of HSP90 and RAR1 reveal that changes in their ability to physically interact with each other and with SGT1 can explain the phenotypes of the mutants in planta. I also describe a genetic screen to identify new additional loci required for the function of the Arabidopsis R gene, RPM1. The phenotype of one mutant identified in this screen suggests that transcriptional regulation of R genes may play a more significant role in maintaining R protein levels than previously expected.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Cytosolic HSP90 is implicated in maintaining appropriate R protein levels in Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae2 - Gene
- cytosolic HSP90e1
- Outcome
- maintenance of appropriate R protein levelse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Here I present evidence implicating cytosolic HSP90 as a central figure in the maintenance of appropriate R protein levels”
e2“Cytosolic HSP90 is encoded by four genes in our model plant system, Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Genetic interactions were found between two HSP90 paralogs in Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae2
- Gene
- HSP90 paralogse1
- Outcome
- genetic interactionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“I present data for genetic interactions between two of these HSP90 paralogs”
e2“Cytosolic HSP90 is encoded by four genes in our model plant system, Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
HSP90 physically interacted with RAR1 and SGT1 in Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae2
- Gene
- HSP90 and RAR1 and SGT1e1
- Outcome
- physical interactione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“I also demonstrate a physical interaction between HSP90 and RAR1 and SGT1”
e2“Cytosolic HSP90 is encoded by four genes in our model plant system, Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Double mutant analyses uncovered a genetic interaction between HSP90 and SGT1 in Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae2
- Gene
- HSP90 and SGT1e1
- Outcome
- genetic interactione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“double mutant analyses uncovered a genetic interaction between HSP90 and SGT1”
e2“Cytosolic HSP90 is encoded by four genes in our model plant system, Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in the ability of mutant forms of HSP90 and RAR1 to interact with each other and with SGT1 can explain the mutant phenotypes in planta.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae2
- Gene
- HSP90 and RAR1e1
- Outcome
- phenotypes of the mutants in plantae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“mutant forms of HSP90 and RAR1 reveal that changes in their ability to physically interact with each other and with SGT1 can explain the phenotypes of the mutants in planta”
e2“Cytosolic HSP90 is encoded by four genes in our model plant system, Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcriptional regulation of R genes may play a more significant role in maintaining R protein levels than previously expected.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae2
- Gene
- R genese1
- Outcome
- R protein levelse1
- Qualifier
- transcriptional regulatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The phenotype of one mutant identified in this screen suggests that transcriptional regulation of R genes may play a more significant role in maintaining R protein levels than previously expected”
e2“Cytosolic HSP90 is encoded by four genes in our model plant system, Arabidopsis thaliana”