Abstract
Background Banana ( Musa spp.) is an important staple food , economic crop, and nutritional fruit worldwide. Conventional breeding has been seriously hampered by their long generation time, polyploidy , and sterility of most cultivated varieties. Establishment of an efficient regeneration and transformation system for banana is critical to its genetic improvement and functional genomics . Results In this study, a vigorous and repeatable transformation system for banana using direct organogenesis was developed. The greatest number of shoots per explant for all five Musa varieties was obtained using Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 8.9 μM benzylaminopurine and 9.1 μM thidiazuron . One immature male flower could regenerate 380–456, 310–372, 200–240, 130–156, and 100–130 well-developed shoots in only 240–270 d for Gongjiao, Red banana, Rose banana, Baxi, and Xinglongnaijiao, respectively. Longitudinal sections of buds were transformed through particle bombardment combined with Agrobacterium -mediated transformation using a promoterless β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene; the highest transformation efficiency was 9.81% in regenerated Gongjiao plantlets in an optimized selection medium. Transgenic plants were confirmed by a histochemical assay of GUS, polymerase chain reaction , and Southern blot. Conclusions Our robust transformation platform successfully generated hundreds of transgenic plants. Such a platform will facilitate molecular breeding and functional genomics of banana.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The specified medium gave the greatest shoots per explant in all five varieties.
- Taxon
- Bananae1
- Treatment
- Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 8.9 μM benzylaminopurine and 9.1 μM thidiazurone0
- Outcome
- number of shoots per explante0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The greatest number of shoots per explant for all five Musa varieties was obtained using Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 8.9 μM benzylaminopurine and 9.1 μM thidiazuron”
e1“Banana ( Musa spp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
One Gongjiao immature male flower regenerated 380–456 shoots in 240–270 days.
Verbatim
e0“One immature male flower could regenerate 380–456, 310–372, 200–240, 130–156, and 100–130 well-developed shoots in only 240–270 d for Gongjiao, Red banana, Rose banana, Baxi, and Xinglongnaijiao, respectively”
e1“Banana ( Musa spp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
One Red banana immature male flower regenerated 310–372 shoots in 240–270 days.
Verbatim
e0“One immature male flower could regenerate 380–456, 310–372, 200–240, 130–156, and 100–130 well-developed shoots in only 240–270 d for Gongjiao, Red banana, Rose banana, Baxi, and Xinglongnaijiao, respectively”
e1“Banana ( Musa spp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
One Rose banana immature male flower regenerated 200–240 shoots in 240–270 days.
Verbatim
e0“One immature male flower could regenerate 380–456, 310–372, 200–240, 130–156, and 100–130 well-developed shoots in only 240–270 d for Gongjiao, Red banana, Rose banana, Baxi, and Xinglongnaijiao, respectively”
e1“Banana ( Musa spp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
One Baxi immature male flower regenerated 130–156 shoots in 240–270 days.
Verbatim
e0“One immature male flower could regenerate 380–456, 310–372, 200–240, 130–156, and 100–130 well-developed shoots in only 240–270 d for Gongjiao, Red banana, Rose banana, Baxi, and Xinglongnaijiao, respectively”
e1“Banana ( Musa spp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
One Xinglongnaijiao immature male flower regenerated 100–130 shoots in 240–270 days.
Verbatim
e0“One immature male flower could regenerate 380–456, 310–372, 200–240, 130–156, and 100–130 well-developed shoots in only 240–270 d for Gongjiao, Red banana, Rose banana, Baxi, and Xinglongnaijiao, respectively”
e1“Banana ( Musa spp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimized transformation reached 9.81% efficiency in Gongjiao plantlets.
Verbatim
e0“the highest transformation efficiency was 9.81% in regenerated Gongjiao plantlets in an optimized selection medium”
e1“Banana ( Musa spp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Histochemical, PCR and Southern assays confirmed transgenic banana plants.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic plants were confirmed by a histochemical assay of GUS, polymerase chain reaction , and Southern blot”
e1“Banana ( Musa spp.)”
e2“hundreds of transgenic plants”
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