Abstract
Soil fertility is one of the major limiting factors for crop’s productivity in Egypt and the world in general. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) has a great importance as a non-polluting and a cost-effective way to improve soil fertility through supplying N to different agricultural systems. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most efficient nitrogen-fixing legumes that can meet all of their N needs through BNF. Therefore, understanding the impact of rhizobial inoculation and contrasting soil rhizobia on nodulation and N2 fixation in faba bean is crucial to optimize the crop yield, particularly under low fertility soil conditions. This study investigated the symbiotic effectiveness of 17 Rhizobium/Agrobacterium strains previously isolated from different Egyptian governorates in improving the nodulation and N2 fixation in faba bean cv. Giza 843 under controlled greenhouse conditions. Five strains that had a high nitrogen-fixing capacity under greenhouse conditions were subsequently tested in field trials as faba bean inoculants at Ismaillia Governorate in northeast Egypt in comparison with the chemical N-fertilization treatment (96 kg N·ha−1). A starter N-dose (48 kg N·ha−1) was applied in combination with different Rhizobium inoculants. The field experiments were established at sites without a background of inoculation under low fertility sandy soil conditions over two successive winter growing seasons, 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. Under greenhouse conditions, inoculated plants produced significantly higher nodules dry weight, plant biomass, and shoot N-uptake than non-inoculated ones. In the first season (2012/2013), inoculation of field-grown faba bean showed significant improvements in seed yield (3.73–4.36 ton·ha−1) and seed N-yield (138–153 Kg N·ha−1), which were higher than the uninoculated control (48 kg N·ha−1) that produced 2.97 Kg·ha−1 and 95 kg N·ha−1, respectively. Similarly, in the second season (2013/2014), inoculation significantly improved seed yield (3.16–4.68 ton·ha−1) and seed N-yield (98–155 Kg N·ha−1) relative to the uninoculated control (48 kg N·ha−1), which recorded 2.58 Kg·ha−1 and 80 kg N·ha−1, respectively. Interestingly, faba bean inoculated with strain Rlv NGB-FR 126 showed significant increments in seed yield (35%–48%) and seed N-yield (34%–49%) compared to the inorganic N fertilizers treatment (96 kg N·ha−1) over the two cropping seasons, respectively. These results indicate that inoculation of faba bean with effective rhizobial strains can reduce the need for inorganic N fertilization to achieve higher crop yield under low fertility soil conditions.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Under greenhouse conditions, inoculated faba bean had higher nodule dry weight, plant biomass and shoot N-uptake than non-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba
Vicia fabae0 - Treatment
- inoculatede1
- Outcome
- nodules dry weight, plant biomass, and shoot N-uptakee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- non-inoculatede1
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most efficient nitrogen-fixing legumes that can meet all of their N needs through BNF”
e1“Under greenhouse conditions, inoculated plants produced significantly higher nodules dry weight, plant biomass, and shoot N-uptake than non-inoculated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
In the first season (2012/2013), inoculation increased field faba bean seed yield to 3.73–4.36 ton·ha−1, higher than the uninoculated control.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- inoculatione2
- Outcome
- seed yielde2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 3.73–4.36 ton·ha−1e2
- Qualifier
- 2.97 Kg·ha−1e2
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle2
- Setting
- first season (2012/2013)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most efficient nitrogen-fixing legumes that can meet all of their N needs through BNF”
e2“In the first season (2012/2013), inoculation of field-grown faba bean showed significant improvements in seed yield (3.73–4.36 ton·ha−1) and seed N-yield (138–153 Kg N·ha−1), which were higher than the uninoculated control (48 kg N·ha−1) that produced 2.97 Kg·ha−1 and 95 kg N·ha−1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In the first season (2012/2013), inoculation increased seed N-yield to 138–153 Kg N·ha−1, higher than the uninoculated control.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- inoculatione2
- Outcome
- seed N-yielde2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 138–153 Kg N·ha−1e2
- Qualifier
- 95 kg N·ha−1e2
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle2
- Setting
- first season (2012/2013)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most efficient nitrogen-fixing legumes that can meet all of their N needs through BNF”
e2“In the first season (2012/2013), inoculation of field-grown faba bean showed significant improvements in seed yield (3.73–4.36 ton·ha−1) and seed N-yield (138–153 Kg N·ha−1), which were higher than the uninoculated control (48 kg N·ha−1) that produced 2.97 Kg·ha−1 and 95 kg N·ha−1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In the second season (2013/2014), inoculation improved faba bean seed yield to 3.16–4.68 ton·ha−1 relative to the uninoculated control.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- inoculatione3
- Outcome
- seed yielde3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 3.16–4.68 ton·ha−1e3
- Qualifier
- 2.58 Kg·ha−1e3
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle3
- Setting
- second season (2013/2014)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most efficient nitrogen-fixing legumes that can meet all of their N needs through BNF”
e3“Similarly, in the second season (2013/2014), inoculation significantly improved seed yield (3.16–4.68 ton·ha−1) and seed N-yield (98–155 Kg N·ha−1) relative to the uninoculated control (48 kg N·ha−1), which recorded 2.58 Kg·ha−1 and 80 kg N·ha−1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In the second season (2013/2014), inoculation improved seed N-yield to 98–155 Kg N·ha−1 relative to the uninoculated control.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- inoculatione3
- Outcome
- seed N-yielde3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 98–155 Kg N·ha−1e3
- Qualifier
- 80 kg N·ha−1e3
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle3
- Setting
- second season (2013/2014)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most efficient nitrogen-fixing legumes that can meet all of their N needs through BNF”
e3“Similarly, in the second season (2013/2014), inoculation significantly improved seed yield (3.16–4.68 ton·ha−1) and seed N-yield (98–155 Kg N·ha−1) relative to the uninoculated control (48 kg N·ha−1), which recorded 2.58 Kg·ha−1 and 80 kg N·ha−1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Faba bean inoculated with strain Rlv NGB-FR 126 showed increased seed yield (35%–48%) over the inorganic N fertilizer treatment across two cropping seasons.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- inoculated with strain Rlv NGB-FR 126e4
- Interactor
- Rlv NGB-FR 126e4symbiont
- Outcome
- seed yielde4
- Direction
- incrementse4
- Value
- 35%–48%e4
- Comparator
- inorganic N fertilizerse4
- Setting
- two cropping seasonse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most efficient nitrogen-fixing legumes that can meet all of their N needs through BNF”
e4“Interestingly, faba bean inoculated with strain Rlv NGB-FR 126 showed significant increments in seed yield (35%–48%) and seed N-yield (34%–49%) compared to the inorganic N fertilizers treatment (96 kg N·ha−1) over the two cropping seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Faba bean inoculated with strain Rlv NGB-FR 126 showed increased seed N-yield (34%–49%) over the inorganic N fertilizer treatment across two cropping seasons.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- inoculated with strain Rlv NGB-FR 126e4
- Interactor
- Rlv NGB-FR 126e4symbiont
- Outcome
- seed N-yielde4
- Direction
- incrementse4
- Value
- 34%–49%e4
- Comparator
- inorganic N fertilizerse4
- Setting
- two cropping seasonse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most efficient nitrogen-fixing legumes that can meet all of their N needs through BNF”
e4“Interestingly, faba bean inoculated with strain Rlv NGB-FR 126 showed significant increments in seed yield (35%–48%) and seed N-yield (34%–49%) compared to the inorganic N fertilizers treatment (96 kg N·ha−1) over the two cropping seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with effective rhizobial strains can reduce the need for inorganic N fertilization to achieve higher faba bean crop yield under low fertility soil conditions.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae5
- Treatment
- effective rhizobial strainse5
- Outcome
- crop yielde5
- Qualifier
- reduce the need for inorganic N fertilizatione5
- Setting
- low fertility soil conditionse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most efficient nitrogen-fixing legumes that can meet all of their N needs through BNF”
e5“These results indicate that inoculation of faba bean with effective rhizobial strains can reduce the need for inorganic N fertilization to achieve higher crop yield under low fertility soil conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Five of the tested Rhizobium/Agrobacterium strains had high nitrogen-fixing capacity under greenhouse conditions.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae0
- Outcome
- high nitrogen-fixing capacitye6
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most efficient nitrogen-fixing legumes that can meet all of their N needs through BNF”
e6“Five strains that had a high nitrogen-fixing capacity under greenhouse conditions were subsequently tested in field trials”
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