Abstract
Slag-based silicate fertilizer has been widely used to improve soil silicon- availability and crop productivity. A consecutive early rice-late rice rotation experiment was conducted to test the impacts of steel slag on soil pH, silicon availability, rice growth and metals-immobilization in paddy soil. Our results show that application of slag at a rate above higher or equal to 1 600 mg plant-available SiO2 per kg soil increased soil pH, dry weight of rice straw and grain, plant-available Si concentration and Si concentration in rice shoots compared with the control treatment. No significant accumulation of total cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) was noted in soil; rather, the exchangeable fraction of Cd significantly decreased. The cadmium concentrations in rice grains decreased significantly compared with the control treatment. In conclusion, application of steel slag reduced soil acidity, increased plant-availability of silicon, promoted rice growth and inhibited Cd transport to rice grain in the soil-plant system.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Slag applied at 1 600 mg plant-available SiO2 per kg soil or more increased soil pH relative to the control.
- Treatment
- application of slag at a rate above higher or equal to 1 600 mg plant-available SiO2 per kg soile0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“application of slag at a rate above higher or equal to 1 600 mg plant-available SiO2 per kg soil increased soil pH, dry weight of rice straw and grain, plant-available Si concentration and Si concentration in rice shoots compared with the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Slag at the same rate increased dry weight of rice straw and grain relative to the control.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- straw and graine0
- Treatment
- application of slag at a rate above higher or equal to 1 600 mg plant-available SiO2 per kg soile0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of slag at a rate above higher or equal to 1 600 mg plant-available SiO2 per kg soil increased soil pH, dry weight of rice straw and grain, plant-available Si concentration and Si concentration in rice shoots compared with the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Slag at the same rate increased plant-available silicon concentration in soil relative to the control.
- Treatment
- application of slag at a rate above higher or equal to 1 600 mg plant-available SiO2 per kg soile0
- Outcome
- plant-available Si concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“application of slag at a rate above higher or equal to 1 600 mg plant-available SiO2 per kg soil increased soil pH, dry weight of rice straw and grain, plant-available Si concentration and Si concentration in rice shoots compared with the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Slag at the same rate increased Si concentration in rice shoots relative to the control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- application of slag at a rate above higher or equal to 1 600 mg plant-available SiO2 per kg soile0
- Outcome
- Si concentration in rice shootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of slag at a rate above higher or equal to 1 600 mg plant-available SiO2 per kg soil increased soil pH, dry weight of rice straw and grain, plant-available Si concentration and Si concentration in rice shoots compared with the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Slag application did not significantly accumulate total cadmium and lead in soil.
- Treatment
- application of slag at a rate above higher or equal to 1 600 mg plant-available SiO2 per kg soile0
- Outcome
- accumulation of total cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb)e1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“application of slag at a rate above higher or equal to 1 600 mg plant-available SiO2 per kg soil increased soil pH, dry weight of rice straw and grain, plant-available Si concentration and Si concentration in rice shoots compared with the control treatment”
e1“No significant accumulation of total cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) was noted in soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Steel-slag application significantly decreased the exchangeable fraction of Cd in soil.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e2“rather, the exchangeable fraction of Cd significantly decreased”
e4“application of steel slag reduced soil acidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Steel-slag application significantly decreased cadmium concentrations in rice grains relative to the control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Organ / stage
- grainse3
- Treatment
- application of steel slage4
- Outcome
- cadmium concentrationse3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Comparator
- control treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The cadmium concentrations in rice grains decreased significantly compared with the control treatment”
e4“application of steel slag reduced soil acidity”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.