Abstract
Background: Root distribution of annual crops is critical for agroecosystem management on sloping dry land. The objectives of this study are to examine the root interactions at intercropping system using combination of annual crops of five species (Rice, maize, peanut, red bean and cassava) and to understand their effects on root distribution and soil physical conditions (Bulk density and soil porosity). Materials and Methods: Seven combinations of annual crops ("Rice+maize", "Peanut+maize", "Red bean+maize", "Peanut+cassava", "Red bean+cassava", "Rice+cassava" and "Red bean") were observed by measuring root biomass, root length, bulk density and soil porosity. Results: Combination of "Red bean+maize" resulted in larger biomass of thin root at 0-5 cm soil layer, longer Root Length Density (RLD) of fine root at 10-15 cm soil layer, longer RLD of fine and thin root at 15-20 cm soil layer, decrease in bulk density and increase in soil porosity. The result of PCA indicates that vertical root distribution is restricted if biomass of fine root is concentrated at 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil layers, if Root Area Ratio (RAR) of fine root is concentrated at 0-5 cm soil layer and if RAR of thin root is concentrated at 15-20 cm soil layer. Horizontal root distribution is restricted if biomass of fine root is concentrated at 10-15 cm soil layer and if biomass of thin root is concentrated at 15-20 cm soil layer. The parameters related to bulk density are RLD of thin root in soil layer 10-15 cm, RLD of fine root in soil layer 5-10 cm and RAR of thin root in soil layers 5-10 and 15-20 cm. Conclusion: The combination of "Red bean+maize" has higher ability of root penetration and it improves the physical conditions of the soil.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Red bean and maize had larger thin root biomass at 0-5 cm.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of "Red bean+maize" resulted in larger biomass of thin root at 0-5 cm soil layer”
Claim · model-written summary
Red bean and maize had longer fine root RLD at 10-15 cm.
Verbatim
e0“longer Root Length Density (RLD) of fine root at 10-15 cm soil layer”
t0“Annual Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Red bean and maize had longer fine and thin root RLD at 15-20 cm.
Verbatim
e0“longer RLD of fine and thin root at 15-20 cm soil layer”
t0“Annual Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Red bean and maize decreased bulk density.
Verbatim
e0“decrease in bulk density”
t0“Annual Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Red bean and maize increased soil porosity.
Verbatim
e0“increase in soil porosity”
t0“Annual Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Vertical root distribution was restricted when fine root biomass was concentrated at 0-5 and 5-10 cm.
Verbatim
e0“vertical root distribution is restricted if biomass of fine root is concentrated at 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil layers”
t0“Root Distribution of Annual Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Vertical root distribution was restricted when fine root RAR was concentrated at 0-5 cm.
- Taxon
- Annual Cropst0
- Organ / stage
- fine roote0
- Outcome
- Root Area Ratio (RAR) of fine roote0
- Qualifier
- 0-5 cm soil layere0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“if Root Area Ratio (RAR) of fine root is concentrated at 0-5 cm soil layer”
t0“Root Distribution of Annual Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Vertical root distribution was restricted when thin root RAR was concentrated at 15-20 cm.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“if RAR of thin root is concentrated at 15-20 cm soil layer”
t0“Root Distribution of Annual Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Horizontal root distribution was restricted when fine root biomass was concentrated at 10-15 cm.
Verbatim
e0“Horizontal root distribution is restricted if biomass of fine root is concentrated at 10-15 cm soil layer”
t0“Root Distribution of Annual Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Horizontal root distribution was restricted when thin root biomass was concentrated at 15-20 cm.
- Taxon
- Annual Cropst0
- Organ / stage
- thin roote0
- Outcome
- biomass of thin roote0
- Qualifier
- 15-20 cm soil layere0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“if biomass of thin root is concentrated at 15-20 cm soil layer”
t0“Root Distribution of Annual Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulk density was related to thin root RLD at 10-15 cm.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The parameters related to bulk density are RLD of thin root in soil layer 10-15 cm”
t0“Root Distribution of Annual Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulk density was related to fine root RLD at 5-10 cm.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“RLD of fine root in soil layer 5-10 cm”
t0“Root Distribution of Annual Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulk density was related to thin root RAR at 5-10 and 15-20 cm.
- Taxon
- Annual Cropst0
- Organ / stage
- thin roote0
- Outcome
- RAR of thin roote0
- Qualifier
- soil layers 5-10 and 15-20 cme0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“RAR of thin root in soil layers 5-10 and 15-20 cm”
t0“Root Distribution of Annual Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Red bean and maize had higher root penetration ability.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of "Red bean+maize" has higher ability of root penetration”