Abstract
Caladium × hortulanum Birdsey `Candidum' tubers were exposed to 26, 38, 43 and 48C for 1, 2 and 3 days. Tubers were then forced in a glass-glazed greenhouse. Tubers exposed to 48C for 1 and 2 days required significantly longer to emerge than all other temperature treatments, while tubers exposed to 48C for 3 days failed to emerge. After 4 weeks of growth, exposure of tubers to 43C for 2 and 3 days and 48C for all time periods resulted in plants with reduced shoot fresh weights and fewer leaves with a width greater than 15 cm. After roots developed to the edge of the pot and shoots emerged (10 days after potting), potted tubers were exposed to 43C for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hours per day for 1, 3 and 5 days. Potted tubers exposed to 43C for 8 or more hours per day for 3 days and 12 hours or more for 5 days were significantly delayed in emergence. Only 33% of potted tubers exposed to 43C for 24 hours per day for 5 days emerged. Exposure to 43C for 1 and 3 days resulted in increased shoot fresh weights for exposures up to 12 hours per day. As the exposure time per day increased, shoot fresh weights decreased. Exposure of potted tubers to 43C for 16 hours or more per day for 3 days reduced plant height and the number of leaves with a width greater than 15cm. Regardless of the number of hours of exposure per day, potted tubers exposed to 43C for 5 days had reduced shoot fresh weights and fewer leaves with a width greater than 15cm as compared to unexposed potted tubers. As the number of hours of exposure per day increased, shoot fresh weight and the number of leaves with a width greater than 15cm decreased.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Tubers exposed to 48C for one or two days emerged significantly later than other temperature treatments.
- Treatment
- 48C for 1 and 2 dayse0
- Outcome
- emergee0
- Direction
- longere0
- Comparator
- all other temperature treatmentse0
TuberOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tubers exposed to 48C for 1 and 2 days required significantly longer to emerge than all other temperature treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Tubers exposed to 48C for three days failed to emerge.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“tubers exposed to 48C for 3 days failed to emerge”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure to 43C for two or three days or 48C for any tested period reduced shoot fresh weight.
- Taxon
- tuberse0
- Treatment
- 43C for 2 and 3 days and 48C for all time periodse0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weightse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“exposure of tubers to 43C for 2 and 3 days and 48C for all time periods resulted in plants with reduced shoot fresh weights”
Claim · model-written summary
The same exposures reduced the number of leaves wider than 15 cm.
- Taxon
- tuberse0
- Treatment
- 43C for 2 and 3 days and 48C for all time periodse0
- Outcome
- leaves with a width greater than 15 cme0
- Direction
- fewere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“exposure of tubers to 43C for 2 and 3 days and 48C for all time periods resulted in plants with reduced shoot fresh weights and fewer leaves with a width greater than 15 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
Potted tubers exposed to 43C at least eight hours daily for three days or twelve hours daily for five days emerged significantly later.
- Taxon
- tuberse0
- Treatment
- 43C for 8 or more hours per day for 3 days and 12 hours or more for 5 dayse0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Potted tubers exposed to 43C for 8 or more hours per day for 3 days and 12 hours or more for 5 days were significantly delayed in emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Only 33% of potted tubers emerged after 43C for 24 hours daily for five days.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Only 33% of potted tubers exposed to 43C for 24 hours per day for 5 days emerged”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure to 43C for one or three days increased shoot fresh weight at up to twelve hours daily.
CaladiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure to 43C for 1 and 3 days resulted in increased shoot fresh weights for exposures up to 12 hours per day”
t0“CALADIUM”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer daily exposure decreased shoot fresh weights.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the exposure time per day increased, shoot fresh weights decreased”
t0“CALADIUM”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure to 43C for at least sixteen hours daily for three days reduced plant height.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of potted tubers to 43C for 16 hours or more per day for 3 days reduced plant height”
t0“CALADIUM”
Claim · model-written summary
That exposure reduced the number of leaves wider than 15 cm.
- Treatment
- 43C for 16 hours or more per day for 3 dayse0
- Outcome
- number of leaves with a width greater than 15cme0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of potted tubers to 43C for 16 hours or more per day for 3 days reduced plant height and the number of leaves with a width greater than 15cm”
t0“CALADIUM”
Claim · model-written summary
Five days at 43C reduced shoot fresh weight relative to unexposed potted tubers regardless of daily duration.
- Treatment
- 43C for 5 dayse0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weightse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- unexposed potted tuberse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of the number of hours of exposure per day, potted tubers exposed to 43C for 5 days had reduced shoot fresh weights and fewer leaves with a width greater than 15cm as compared to unexposed potted tubers”
t0“CALADIUM”
Claim · model-written summary
Five days at 43C reduced the number of leaves wider than 15 cm relative to unexposed potted tubers.
- Treatment
- 43C for 5 dayse0
- Outcome
- leaves with a width greater than 15cme0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Comparator
- unexposed potted tuberse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potted tubers exposed to 43C for 5 days had reduced shoot fresh weights and fewer leaves with a width greater than 15cm as compared to unexposed potted tubers”
t0“CALADIUM”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing daily exposure decreased shoot fresh weight and number of leaves wider than 15 cm.
- Treatment
- number of hours of exposure per daye0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weight and the number of leaves with a width greater than 15cme0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the number of hours of exposure per day increased, shoot fresh weight and the number of leaves with a width greater than 15cm decreased”
t0“CALADIUM”