Abstract
Alternanthera philoxeroides is a perennial invasive species worldwide which can greatly affect native ecosystems and agricultural production. Our research studied the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of A. philoxeroides on the growth and antioxidant enzyme activities of Zoysia matrella, and isolated and analyzed the dominant allelochemicals in root extracts of A. philoxeroides. The overall allelopathic effects of A. philoxeroides extracts on the growth and antioxidant enzyme activities of Z. matrella were found to be slightly stimulatory (concentrations ≤10 g L-1) and highly inhibitory (≥40 g L-1). Malondialdehyde contents were significantly enhanced with increasing concentrations of A. philoxeroides extracts. The strength of the allelopathic effects of three extracts of A. philoxeroides on Z. matrella followed the order: roots > leaves > stems. The dominant substance was extracted and identified to be ethyl propionate by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). Pot experiment results show that the effects of ethyl propionate on growth and enzyme activities of Z. matrella also ranged from slightly stimulating to highly inhibiting in a similar fashion to the effects of A. philoxeroide extracts on Z. matrella. The overall allelopathic effects of A. philoxeroides on Z. matrella ranged from slightly stimulating to highly inhibiting. The most abundant allelochemical component of root extracts was identified as ethyl propionate, which also exhibited inhibitory effects similar to A. philoxeroides extracts on Z. matrella.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Low concentrations of Alternanthera extracts slightly stimulated Zoysia growth and antioxidant enzymes.
- Taxon
- Z. matrella
Zoysia matrellae0 - Treatment
- A. philoxeroides extractse0
- Interactor
- A. philoxeroides
Alternanthera philoxeroidese0weed - Outcome
- growth and antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- slightly stimulatorye0
- Value
- ≤10 g L-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overall allelopathic effects of A. philoxeroides extracts on the growth and antioxidant enzyme activities of Z. matrella were found to be slightly stimulatory (concentrations ≤10 g L-1) and highly inhibitory (≥40 g L-1).”
Claim · model-written summary
High concentrations of Alternanthera extracts strongly inhibited Zoysia growth and antioxidant enzymes.
- Taxon
- Z. matrellaZoysia matrellae0
- Treatment
- A. philoxeroides extractse0
- Interactor
- A. philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidese0weed
- Outcome
- growth and antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- highly inhibitorye0
- Value
- ≥40 g L-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overall allelopathic effects of A. philoxeroides extracts on the growth and antioxidant enzyme activities of Z. matrella were found to be slightly stimulatory (concentrations ≤10 g L-1) and highly inhibitory (≥40 g L-1).”
Claim · model-written summary
Zoysia malondialdehyde content rose with increasing Alternanthera extract concentration.
- Taxon
- Zoysia matrellaZoysia matrellat0
- Treatment
- A. philoxeroides extractse0
- Interactor
- A. philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidese0weed
- Outcome
- Malondialdehyde contentse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malondialdehyde contents were significantly enhanced with increasing concentrations of A. philoxeroides extracts.”
t0“Zoysia matrella”
Claim · model-written summary
Root extracts had stronger allelopathic effects than leaf extracts, which were stronger than stem extracts.
- Taxon
- Z. matrellaZoysia matrellae0
- Interactor
- A. philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidese0weed
- Outcome
- strength of the allelopathic effectse0
- Qualifier
- roots > leaves > stemse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strength of the allelopathic effects of three extracts of A. philoxeroides on Z. matrella followed the order: roots > leaves > stems.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethyl propionate was identified as the dominant substance in Alternanthera root extracts.
- Taxon
- A. philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidese1
- Organ / stage
- roote1
- Outcome
- ethyl propionatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dominant substance was extracted and identified to be ethyl propionate by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS).”
e1“the dominant allelochemicals in root extracts of A. philoxeroides”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethyl propionate effects on Zoysia growth and enzyme activity ranged from slight stimulation to strong inhibition.
- Taxon
- Z. matrellaZoysia matrellae0
- Treatment
- ethyl propionatee0
- Interactor
- A. philoxeroidee0weed
- Outcome
- growth and enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- slightly stimulating to highly inhibitinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pot experiment results show that the effects of ethyl propionate on growth and enzyme activities of Z. matrella also ranged from slightly stimulating to highly inhibiting in a similar fashion to the effects of A. philoxeroide extracts on Z. matrella.”