Abstract
Mangrove is an important ecosystem in the world. Mangrove ecosystems have a large capacity in retaining heavy metals, and now they are usually considered as sinks for heavy metals. However, the mechanism of why the soil of mangrove ecosystems can retain heavy metal is not certain. In this research, endophytic fungus Purpureocillium sp. A5 was isolated and identified from the roots of Kandelia candel. When this fungus was added, it protected the growth of K. candel under Cu stress. This can be illustrated by analyzing chlorophyll A and B, RWC and WSD to leaves of K. candel. Purpureocillium sp. A5 reduces uptake of Cu in K. candel and changes the pH characterization of soil. Furthermore, A5 increase the concentration of Cu complexes in soil, and it enhanced the concentration of carbonate-bound Cu, Mn-Fe complexes Cu and organic-bound Cu in soil. Nevertheless, a significant reduction of the Cu ion was noted among A5-treated plants. This study is significant and illustrates a promising potential use for environmental remediation of endophytes, and also may partially explain the large capacity of mangrove ecosystems in retaining heavy metals.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Purpureocillium sp. A5 was isolated and identified from Kandelia candel roots.
- Taxon
- Kandelia candel
Kandelia candele0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Interactor
- Purpureocillium sp. A5
Purpureocillium sp. A5e0symbiont - Outcome
- isolated and identifiede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“endophytic fungus Purpureocillium sp. A5 was isolated and identified from the roots of Kandelia candel.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding the fungus protected K. candel growth under Cu stress.
- Taxon
- K. candelKandelia candele0
- Treatment
- this fungus was addede0
- Interactor
- Purpureocillium sp. A5Purpureocillium sp. A5e1symbiont
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- protectede0
- Qualifier
- under Cu stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When this fungus was added, it protected the growth of K. candel under Cu stress.”
e1“endophytic fungus Purpureocillium sp. A5”
Claim · model-written summary
Purpureocillium sp. A5 reduced Cu uptake in K. candel.
- Taxon
- K. candelKandelia candele0
- Treatment
- Purpureocillium sp. A5e0
- Interactor
- Purpureocillium sp. A5Purpureocillium sp. A5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- uptake of Cue0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Purpureocillium sp. A5 reduces uptake of Cu in K. candel and changes the pH characterization of soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Purpureocillium sp. A5 changed soil pH characterization.
- Treatment
- Purpureocillium sp. A5e0
- Interactor
- Purpureocillium sp. A5Purpureocillium sp. A5e0symbiont
- Outcome
- pH characterization of soile0
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Purpureocillium sp. A5 reduces uptake of Cu in K. candel and changes the pH characterization of soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
A5 increased soil Cu complex concentration.
- Treatment
- A5e0
- Interactor
- Purpureocillium sp. A5Purpureocillium sp. A5e1symbiont
- Outcome
- concentration of Cu complexes in soile0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A5 increase the concentration of Cu complexes in soil”
e1“endophytic fungus Purpureocillium sp. A5”
Claim · model-written summary
A5 enhanced carbonate-bound, Mn-Fe complex and organic-bound Cu concentrations in soil.
- Treatment
- A5e0
- Interactor
- Purpureocillium sp. A5Purpureocillium sp. A5e1symbiont
- Outcome
- concentration of carbonate-bound Cu, Mn-Fe complexes Cu and organic-bound Cu in soile0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A5 increase the concentration of Cu complexes in soil, and it enhanced the concentration of carbonate-bound Cu, Mn-Fe complexes Cu and organic-bound Cu in soil.”
e1“endophytic fungus Purpureocillium sp. A5”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu ion was significantly reduced among A5-treated plants.
- Taxon
- Kandelia candelKandelia candelt0
- Treatment
- A5-treatede0
- Interactor
- Purpureocillium sp. A5Purpureocillium sp. A5e1symbiont
- Outcome
- Cu ione0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant reduction of the Cu ion was noted among A5-treated plants.”
t0“Kandelia candel”
e1“endophytic fungus Purpureocillium sp. A5”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose endophytes as promising for environmental remediation.
- Taxon
- Purpureocillium sp. A5Purpureocillium sp. A5e1
- Outcome
- use for environmental remediation of endophytese0
- Qualifier
- promising potentiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a promising potential use for environmental remediation of endophytes”
e1“endophytic fungus Purpureocillium sp. A5”
Claim · model-written summary
The endophyte findings may partially explain mangrove ecosystems' large capacity to retain heavy metals.
- Taxon
- mangrovee0
- Interactor
- Purpureocillium sp. A5Purpureocillium sp. A5e1symbiont
- Outcome
- large capacity of mangrove ecosystems in retaining heavy metalse0
- Qualifier
- may partially explaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“also may partially explain the large capacity of mangrove ecosystems in retaining heavy metals.”
e1“endophytic fungus Purpureocillium sp. A5”