Abstract
Indonesia is the largest potato producer in Southeast Asia. Late blight (Phythophtora infestans) is one of the most important diseases especially in the rainy season. Therefore, farmers frequently spray fungicides to prevent infection. Forty farmers in West Java were trained in implementing good agricultural practices. To assess the impact of the training, late blight control strategies at the trainees’ fields were recorded. The baseline registration in the dry season of 2013 revealed that on average 16.6 times fungicides were applied. The average spray volume was 919 L ha-1, whereas the recommended spray volume ranges from 400 to 600 L ha-1 depending on the crop stage. Many farmers added an adjuvant to the spray mixture to increase the rainfastness of the fungicides. The fungicide costs ranged from 11.4 to 14.7% of the total production costs. The second registration, wet season of 2013/2014, showed a similar number of applications as in the dry season but the fungicide input was clearly higher due to a higher spray volume of 1,052 L ha-1 and more fungicides per application which caused higher fungicide costs ranging from 4 to 35% of the total production costs. Parallel and supportive to the trainings, three late blight demos were implemented in wet seasons. In the first demo (2013/2014), more recently registered fungicides controlled late blight similarly compared to the fungicide mixture often used by farmers, but they were 10-15% more expensive. In the second (2014/2015) and third demo (2015/2016), again the more recently registered fungicides did not perform better and were more expensive. A 20% reduction in spray volume had a similar effect on late blight control as the farmers’ practice using high volumes. At reduced spray volumes, the use of an adjuvant did increase late blight control. It is estimated that the spray volume can be reduced with 10-20% without loss of efficacy and thus save costs.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Dry-season farmers applied fungicides 16.6 times on average.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Outcome
- fungicides were appliede0
- Value
- 16.6 timese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“The baseline registration in the dry season of 2013 revealed that on average 16.6 times fungicides were applied.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry-season average spray volume was 919 L ha-1.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- average spray volumee0
- Value
- 919 L ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“The average spray volume was 919 L ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide costs were 11.4 to 14.7% of production costs.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- fungicide costse0
- Value
- 11.4 to 14.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“The fungicide costs ranged from 11.4 to 14.7% of the total production costs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wet-season application count was similar to dry-season count.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- number of applicationse0
- Direction
- similare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“a similar number of applications as in the dry season”
Claim · model-written summary
Wet-season spray volume rose to 1,052 L ha-1.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- spray volumee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1,052 L ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“fungicide input was clearly higher due to a higher spray volume of 1,052 L ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Wet-season fungicide costs ranged from 4 to 35% of production costs.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- fungicide costse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4 to 35%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“higher fungicide costs ranging from 4 to 35% of the total production costs”
Claim · model-written summary
Newer fungicides gave similar late blight control to the farmer mixture in the first demo.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- more recently registered fungicidese0
- Outcome
- late blighte0
- Direction
- similarlye0
- Comparator
- fungicide mixture often used by farmerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“more recently registered fungicides controlled late blight similarly compared to the fungicide mixture often used by farmers”
Claim · model-written summary
Newer fungicides cost 10-15% more in the first demo.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- more recently registered fungicidese1
- Outcome
- more expensivee0
- Direction
- more expensivee0
- Value
- 10-15%e0
- Comparator
- fungicide mixture often used by farmerse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“they were 10-15% more expensive”
e1“more recently registered fungicides controlled late blight similarly compared to the fungicide mixture often used by farmers”
Claim · model-written summary
Newer fungicides did not improve control in the second and third demos.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- more recently registered fungicidese0
- Outcome
- perform bettere0
- Direction
- did not perform bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“more recently registered fungicides did not perform better”
e1“second (2014/2015) and third demo (2015/2016)”
Claim · model-written summary
Newer fungicides cost more in the second and third demos.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- more expensivee0
- Direction
- more expensivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“more recently registered fungicides did not perform better and were more expensive”
Claim · model-written summary
A 20% spray-volume reduction maintained similar late blight control.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- 20% reduction in spray volumee0
- Outcome
- late blight controle0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- farmers’ practice using high volumese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“A 20% reduction in spray volume had a similar effect on late blight control as the farmers’ practice using high volumes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adjuvant use increased late blight control at reduced spray volumes.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- use of an adjuvante0
- Outcome
- late blight controle0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“At reduced spray volumes, the use of an adjuvant did increase late blight control.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors estimate spray volume can be reduced 10-20% without efficacy loss, saving costs.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- spray volume can be reduced with 10-20% without loss of efficacy and thus save costse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potato”
e0“It is estimated that the spray volume can be reduced with 10-20% without loss of efficacy and thus save costs.”
The same questions in other papers
application · disease · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
66 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
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See all 77 papers →fungicide · disease · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 74 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
76 papers more in this group
See all 80 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.