Abstract
In western Europe, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense is emerging as a causal agent of blackleg disease. In field experiments in the Netherlands, the virulence of this pathogen was compared with strains of other Dickeya and Pectobacterium species. In 2013 and 2014, seed potato tubers were vacuum infiltrated with high densities of bacteria (10 6 CFU mL −1 ) and planted in clay soil. Inoculation with P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense and P. atrosepticum resulted in high disease incidences (75–95%), inoculation with D. solani and P. wasabiae led to incidences between 5% and 25%, but no significant disease development was observed in treatments with P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum , D. dianthicola or the water control. Co‐inoculations of seed potatoes with P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense and D. solani gave a similar disease incidence to inoculation with only P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense . However, co‐inoculation of P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense with P. wasabiae resulted in a decrease in disease incidence compared to inoculation with only P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense . In 2015, seed potatoes were inoculated with increasing densities of P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense , D. solani or P. atrosepticum (10 3 –10 6 CFU mL −1 ). After vacuum infiltration, even a low inoculum density resulted in high disease incidence. However, immersion without vacuum caused disease only at high bacterial densities. Specific TaqMan assays were evaluated and developed for detection of P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense , P. wasabiae and P. atrosepticum and confirmed the presence of these pathogens in progeny tubers of plants derived from vacuum‐infiltrated seed tubers.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense inoculation produced 75–95% disease incidence.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- Inoculation with P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliensee0
- Interactor
- P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliensePectobacterium brasiliensee0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencese0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 75–95%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense and P. atrosepticum resulted in high disease incidences (75–95%)”
t0“Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on potato compared with that of other Pectobacterium and Dickeya species under climatic conditions prevailing in the Netherlands”
t1“Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on potato compared with that of other Pectobacterium and Dickeya species under climatic conditions prevailing in the Netherlands”
Claim · model-written summary
P. atrosepticum inoculation produced 75–95% disease incidence.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P. atrosepticume0
- Interactor
- P. atrosepticum
Pectobacterium atrosepticume0pathogen - Outcome
- disease incidencese0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 75–95%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. atrosepticum resulted in high disease incidences (75–95%)”
t0“Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on potato compared with that of other Pectobacterium and Dickeya species under climatic conditions prevailing in the Netherlands”
t1“Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on potato compared with that of other Pectobacterium and Dickeya species under climatic conditions prevailing in the Netherlands”
Claim · model-written summary
D. solani inoculation produced 5–25% incidence.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation with D. solanie0
- Interactor
- D. solaniDickeya solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidencese0
- Value
- 5% and 25%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation with D. solani and P. wasabiae led to incidences between 5% and 25%”
t0“Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on potato compared with that of other Pectobacterium and Dickeya species under climatic conditions prevailing in the Netherlands”
t1“Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on potato compared with that of other Pectobacterium and Dickeya species under climatic conditions prevailing in the Netherlands”
Claim · model-written summary
P. wasabiae inoculation produced 5–25% incidence.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P. wasabiaee0
- Interactor
- P. wasabiaePectobacterium wasabiaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidencese0
- Value
- 5% and 25%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. wasabiae led to incidences between 5% and 25%”
t0“Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on potato compared with that of other Pectobacterium and Dickeya species under climatic conditions prevailing in the Netherlands”
t1“Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on potato compared with that of other Pectobacterium and Dickeya species under climatic conditions prevailing in the Netherlands”
Claim · model-written summary
P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum inoculation produced no significant disease development.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorume0
- Interactor
- P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum
Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorume0pathogen - Outcome
- disease developmente0
- Direction
- no significante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant disease development was observed in treatments with P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum”
t0“Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on potato compared with that of other Pectobacterium and Dickeya species under climatic conditions prevailing in the Netherlands”
t1“Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on potato compared with that of other Pectobacterium and Dickeya species under climatic conditions prevailing in the Netherlands”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding P. wasabiae to P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense reduced incidence versus the latter alone.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- co‐inoculation of P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense with P. wasabiaee0
- Interactor
- P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliensePectobacterium brasiliensee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. wasabiaePectobacterium wasabiaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- inoculation with only P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliensee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“co‐inoculation of P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense with P. wasabiae resulted in a decrease in disease incidence compared to inoculation with only P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense”
t0“Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on potato compared with that of other Pectobacterium and Dickeya species under climatic conditions prevailing in the Netherlands”
t1“Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on potato compared with that of other Pectobacterium and Dickeya species under climatic conditions prevailing in the Netherlands”
Claim · model-written summary
Vacuum infiltration caused high incidence even at low inoculum density.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- vacuum infiltratione0
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After vacuum infiltration, even a low inoculum density resulted in high disease incidence”
t0“Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on potato compared with that of other Pectobacterium and Dickeya species under climatic conditions prevailing in the Netherlands”
t1“Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on potato compared with that of other Pectobacterium and Dickeya species under climatic conditions prevailing in the Netherlands”
Claim · model-written summary
Immersion caused disease only at high bacterial densities.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- immersion without vacuume0
- Outcome
- diseasee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“immersion without vacuum caused disease only at high bacterial densities”
t0“Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on potato compared with that of other Pectobacterium and Dickeya species under climatic conditions prevailing in the Netherlands”
t1“Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on potato compared with that of other Pectobacterium and Dickeya species under climatic conditions prevailing in the Netherlands”
Claim · model-written summary
TaqMan assays detected the three pathogens in progeny tubers.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- detection of P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense , P. wasabiae and P. atrosepticume0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Specific TaqMan assays were evaluated and developed for detection of P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense , P. wasabiae and P. atrosepticum and confirmed the presence of these pathogens in progeny tubers”
t0“Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on potato compared with that of other Pectobacterium and Dickeya species under climatic conditions prevailing in the Netherlands”
t1“Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on potato compared with that of other Pectobacterium and Dickeya species under climatic conditions prevailing in the Netherlands”
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