Abstract
The plant cell wall, often the site of initial encounters between plants and their microbial pathogens, is composed of a complex mixture of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin polysaccharides as well as proteins. The concept of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) was proposed to describe plant elicitors like oligogalacturonides (OGs), which can be derived by the breakdown of the pectin homogalacturon by pectinases. OGs act via many of the same signaling steps as pathogen- or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to elicit defenses and provide protection against pathogens. Given both the complexity of the plant cell wall and the fact that many pathogens secrete a wide range of cell wall-degrading enzymes, we reasoned that the breakdown products of other cell wall polymers may be similarly biologically active as elicitors and may help to reinforce the perception of danger by plant cells. Our results indicate that oligomers derived from cellulose are perceived as signal molecules in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), triggering a signaling cascade that shares some similarities to responses to well-known elicitors such as chitooligomers and OGs. However, in contrast to other known PAMPs/DAMPs, cellobiose stimulates neither detectable reactive oxygen species production nor callose deposition. Confirming our idea that both PAMPs and DAMPs are likely to cooccur at infection sites, cotreatments of cellobiose with flg22 or chitooligomers led to synergistic increases in gene expression. Thus, the perception of cellulose-derived oligomers may participate in cell wall integrity surveillance and represents an additional layer of signaling following plant cell wall breakdown during cell wall remodeling or pathogen attack.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Oligomers derived from cellulose are perceived as signal molecules in Arabidopsis, triggering a signalling cascade.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise1 - Treatment
- oligomers derived from cellulosee1
- Outcome
- signaling cascadee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Our results indicate that oligomers derived from cellulose are perceived as signal molecules in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), triggering a signaling cascade that shares some similarities to responses to well-known elicitors such as chitooligomers and OGs”
Claim · model-written summary
Cellobiose stimulates no detectable reactive oxygen species production in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- cellobiosee2
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species productione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Our results indicate that oligomers derived from cellulose are perceived as signal molecules in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), triggering a signaling cascade that shares some similarities to responses to well-known elicitors such as chitooligomers and OGs”
e2“cellobiose stimulates neither detectable reactive oxygen species production nor callose deposition”
Claim · model-written summary
Cellobiose stimulates no callose deposition in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- cellobiosee2
- Outcome
- callose depositione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Our results indicate that oligomers derived from cellulose are perceived as signal molecules in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), triggering a signaling cascade that shares some similarities to responses to well-known elicitors such as chitooligomers and OGs”
e2“cellobiose stimulates neither detectable reactive oxygen species production nor callose deposition”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotreatments of cellobiose with flg22 or chitooligomers synergistically increased gene expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- cotreatments of cellobiose with flg22 or chitooligomerse3
- Outcome
- gene expressione3
- Direction
- increasese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Our results indicate that oligomers derived from cellulose are perceived as signal molecules in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), triggering a signaling cascade that shares some similarities to responses to well-known elicitors such as chitooligomers and OGs”
e3“cotreatments of cellobiose with flg22 or chitooligomers led to synergistic increases in gene expression”
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