Abstract
Genes of the flavonol pathway are activated by UV-B, but suppressed by concomitant flg22 application in Arabidopsis. Analysis at the metabolite level suggested that this regulation allows the plant to focus its secondary metabolism on the plant defence towards pathogen attack. We now demonstrate by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative PCR, that this antagonistic gene regulation is mediated at the chromatin level by differential regulation of histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac), which is a hallmark for gene activation. Since H3K9ac levels were altered at least at four independent gene loci, namely, chalcone synthase, chalcone-flavone isomerase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase and the positive regulator MYB12, which correlates with the observed gene activation/suppression reported previously, it appears that this process is mediated by chromatin remodelling. Since suppression of H3K9ac prevents gene expression, we conclude H3K9ac is rather cause than consequence of gene activation. This finding allows us also to extend our working model, involving the two opposing MYB transcription factors of the flavonol pathway, MYB12 (being UV-B-activated and flg22-suppressed) and MYB4 (a negative regulator, which is activated by both flg22 and UV-B stress).
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B activates flavonol pathway genes in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- UV-Be0
- Outcome
- Genes of the flavonol pathwaye0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genes of the flavonol pathway are activated by UV-B, but suppressed by concomitant flg22 application in Arabidopsis.”
Claim · model-written summary
Concomitant flg22 suppresses UV-B activation of flavonol pathway genes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- concomitant flg22 applicatione0
- Outcome
- Genes of the flavonol pathwaye0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Comparator
- UV-Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genes of the flavonol pathway are activated by UV-B, but suppressed by concomitant flg22 application in Arabidopsis.”
Claim · model-written summary
Differential H3K9 acetylation mediates the antagonistic gene regulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- histone 3 lysine 9e0
- Outcome
- antagonistic gene regulatione0
- Qualifier
- differential regulation of histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this antagonistic gene regulation is mediated at the chromatin level by differential regulation of histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac)”
e1“in Arabidopsis.”
Claim · model-written summary
H3K9ac levels changed at chalcone synthase.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- chalcone synthasee0
- Outcome
- H3K9ac levelse0
- Direction
- alterede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H3K9ac levels were altered at least at four independent gene loci, namely, chalcone synthase, chalcone-flavone isomerase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase and the positive regulator MYB12”
e1“in Arabidopsis.”
Claim · model-written summary
H3K9ac levels changed at chalcone-flavone isomerase.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- chalcone-flavone isomerasee0
- Outcome
- H3K9ac levelse0
- Direction
- alterede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H3K9ac levels were altered at least at four independent gene loci, namely, chalcone synthase, chalcone-flavone isomerase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase and the positive regulator MYB12”
e1“in Arabidopsis.”
Claim · model-written summary
H3K9ac levels changed at flavanone 3-hydroxylase.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- flavanone 3-hydroxylasee0
- Outcome
- H3K9ac levelse0
- Direction
- alterede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H3K9ac levels were altered at least at four independent gene loci, namely, chalcone synthase, chalcone-flavone isomerase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase and the positive regulator MYB12”
e1“in Arabidopsis.”
Claim · model-written summary
H3K9ac levels changed at MYB12.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- MYB12e0
- Outcome
- H3K9ac levelse0
- Direction
- alterede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H3K9ac levels were altered at least at four independent gene loci, namely, chalcone synthase, chalcone-flavone isomerase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase and the positive regulator MYB12”
e1“in Arabidopsis.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer H3K9ac is a cause of gene activation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- H3K9ace0
- Outcome
- gene activatione0
- Qualifier
- cause than consequencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we conclude H3K9ac is rather cause than consequence of gene activation.”
e1“in Arabidopsis.”
Claim · model-written summary
MYB12 is activated by UV-B and suppressed by flg22.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- MYB12e0
- Outcome
- UV-B-activated and flg22-suppressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MYB12 (being UV-B-activated and flg22-suppressed)”
e1“in Arabidopsis.”
Claim · model-written summary
MYB4 is activated by both flg22 and UV-B stress.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- MYB4e0
- Outcome
- activated by both flg22 and UV-B stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MYB4 (a negative regulator, which is activated by both flg22 and UV-B stress)”
e1“in Arabidopsis.”
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