Abstract
Prevalence of moisture stress and poor crop establishment are major constraints for the cultivation of rabi crops in maize fallows which results in reduced cropping intensity and insufficient food production in North Eastern Hill region. Hence, the present field experiment was conducted with different maize based cropping systems under diverse soil moisture conservation (SMC) options at mid-altitudes of Meghalaya. Results revealed that cultivation of black gram after preceding maize crop with retention of maize stalk+Tephrosia purpurea mulching increased the soil moisture content followed by maize – pole type French bean with maize stalk+Tephrosia purpurea. Application of Maize stalk+Ambrosia artemisiifolia and maize stalk+Tephrosia purpurea decreased soil BD and increased water holding capacity (WHC) substantially. Besides, Maize–black gram (CS5) recorded lowest soil bulk density (BD) of 1.24 Mg m-3 whereas highest BD was being recorded in no mulch at all depths. There was significant (76 %) increase in WHC under maize-black gram cultivation than maize- fallow at 0-15 cm, maximum WHC being recorded in maize stalk+Tephrosia purpurea at all the depths (74.5, 71.9, and 70.3%). The highest maize equivalent yield was obtained from maize – pole type french bean under maize stalk+Tephrosia purpurea (9.5 t ha-1) followed by Maize stalk+Ambrosia artemisiifolia (8.8 t ha-1) soil moisture conservation measure.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Black gram after maize with maize stalk and Tephrosia purpurea mulch retention increased soil moisture content.
- Taxon
- black gram
Vigna mungoe1 - Treatment
- retention of maize stalk+Tephrosia purpurea mulchinge1
- Outcome
- soil moisture contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- mid-altitudes of Meghalayae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“cultivation of black gram after preceding maize crop with retention of maize stalk+Tephrosia purpurea mulching increased the soil moisture content”
e2“field experiment was conducted with different maize based cropping systems under diverse soil moisture conservation (SMC) options at mid-altitudes of Meghalaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize stalk with Ambrosia artemisiifolia mulch decreased soil bulk density in maize-based systems.
- Treatment
- Maize stalk+Ambrosia artemisiifoliae3
- Outcome
- soil BDe3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Setting
- mid-altitudes of Meghalayae2
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Application of Maize stalk+Ambrosia artemisiifolia and maize stalk+Tephrosia purpurea decreased soil BD and increased water holding capacity (WHC) substantially”
e2“field experiment was conducted with different maize based cropping systems under diverse soil moisture conservation (SMC) options at mid-altitudes of Meghalaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize stalk with Tephrosia purpurea mulch decreased soil bulk density in maize-based systems.
- Treatment
- maize stalk+Tephrosia purpureae3
- Outcome
- soil BDe3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Setting
- mid-altitudes of Meghalayae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Application of Maize stalk+Ambrosia artemisiifolia and maize stalk+Tephrosia purpurea decreased soil BD and increased water holding capacity (WHC) substantially”
e2“field experiment was conducted with different maize based cropping systems under diverse soil moisture conservation (SMC) options at mid-altitudes of Meghalaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize stalk with Ambrosia artemisiifolia mulch increased water holding capacity substantially.
- Treatment
- Maize stalk+Ambrosia artemisiifoliae3
- Outcome
- water holding capacity (WHC)e3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Setting
- mid-altitudes of Meghalayae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Application of Maize stalk+Ambrosia artemisiifolia and maize stalk+Tephrosia purpurea decreased soil BD and increased water holding capacity (WHC) substantially”
e2“field experiment was conducted with different maize based cropping systems under diverse soil moisture conservation (SMC) options at mid-altitudes of Meghalaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize stalk with Tephrosia purpurea mulch increased water holding capacity substantially.
- Treatment
- maize stalk+Tephrosia purpureae3
- Outcome
- water holding capacity (WHC)e3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Setting
- mid-altitudes of Meghalayae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Application of Maize stalk+Ambrosia artemisiifolia and maize stalk+Tephrosia purpurea decreased soil BD and increased water holding capacity (WHC) substantially”
e2“field experiment was conducted with different maize based cropping systems under diverse soil moisture conservation (SMC) options at mid-altitudes of Meghalaya”
Claim · model-written summary
The maize-black gram (CS5) cropping system had the lowest soil bulk density, 1.24 Mg m-3.
- Treatment
- Maize–black gram (CS5)e4
- Outcome
- soil bulk density (BD)e4
- Direction
- loweste4
- Value
- 1.24 Mg m-3e4
- Setting
- mid-altitudes of Meghalayae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Maize–black gram (CS5) recorded lowest soil bulk density (BD) of 1.24 Mg m-3 whereas highest BD was being recorded in no mulch at all depths”
e2“field experiment was conducted with different maize based cropping systems under diverse soil moisture conservation (SMC) options at mid-altitudes of Meghalaya”
Claim · model-written summary
No mulch gave the highest soil bulk density at all depths.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“highest BD was being recorded in no mulch at all depths”
e2“field experiment was conducted with different maize based cropping systems under diverse soil moisture conservation (SMC) options at mid-altitudes of Meghalaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize-black gram cultivation increased water holding capacity by 76 % at 0-15 cm compared with maize-fallow, a significant difference.
- Treatment
- maize-black gram cultivatione6
- Outcome
- WHCe6
- Direction
- increasee6
- Value
- 76 %e6
- Qualifier
- at 0-15 cme6
- Comparator
- maize- fallowe6
- Setting
- mid-altitudes of Meghalayae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“There was significant (76 %) increase in WHC under maize-black gram cultivation than maize- fallow at 0-15 cm”
e2“field experiment was conducted with different maize based cropping systems under diverse soil moisture conservation (SMC) options at mid-altitudes of Meghalaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize stalk with Tephrosia purpurea mulch gave the maximum water holding capacity at all depths, 74.5, 71.9 and 70.3 %.
- Treatment
- maize stalk+Tephrosia purpureae7
- Outcome
- WHCe7
- Direction
- maximume7
- Value
- 74.5, 71.9, and 70.3%e7
- Qualifier
- at all the depthse7
- Setting
- mid-altitudes of Meghalayae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“maximum WHC being recorded in maize stalk+Tephrosia purpurea at all the depths (74.5, 71.9, and 70.3%)”
e2“field experiment was conducted with different maize based cropping systems under diverse soil moisture conservation (SMC) options at mid-altitudes of Meghalaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize – pole type French bean under maize stalk with Tephrosia purpurea mulch gave the highest maize equivalent yield, 9.5 t ha-1.
- Treatment
- maize – pole type french bean under maize stalk+Tephrosia purpureae0
- Outcome
- maize equivalent yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 9.5 t ha-1e0
- Setting
- mid-altitudes of Meghalayae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest maize equivalent yield was obtained from maize – pole type french bean under maize stalk+Tephrosia purpurea (9.5 t ha-1)”
e2“field experiment was conducted with different maize based cropping systems under diverse soil moisture conservation (SMC) options at mid-altitudes of Meghalaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize stalk with Ambrosia artemisiifolia mulch gave the next highest maize equivalent yield, 8.8 t ha-1.
- Treatment
- Maize stalk+Ambrosia artemisiifoliae7
- Outcome
- maize equivalent yielde0
- Direction
- followed bye7
- Value
- 8.8 t ha-1e7
- Setting
- mid-altitudes of Meghalayae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest maize equivalent yield was obtained from maize – pole type french bean under maize stalk+Tephrosia purpurea (9.5 t ha-1)”
e7“followed by Maize stalk+Ambrosia artemisiifolia (8.8 t ha-1)”
e2“field experiment was conducted with different maize based cropping systems under diverse soil moisture conservation (SMC) options at mid-altitudes of Meghalaya”
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