Abstract
Abstract Annual weeds have shown allelopathic potential in recent years. Few studies clearly compare effects of weed residues on growth inhibition and nutrient uptake in corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Therefore, the residues (aboveground biomass) of common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album L.), redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.), common ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisifolia L.), velvetleaf ( Abutilon theophrasti Medic.), and yellow foxtail [ Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv.] were evaluated for their allelopathic effects on growth and uptake of N, P, and K in corn and soybeans in controlled environments. Weed residues in silica sand produced more inhibitory effects than the mixture of soil (Typic Agriudoll) and sand. The growth inhibition was more (8 to 14%) when the residues were incorporated in all soils than when they were surface applied. All residues except common ragweed reduced corn (6 to 20%) and soybean (2 to 20%) dry matter production. The inhibition or stimulation of N, P, and K uptake in both crops was not consistent and depended on the residue source, residue placement, or soil texture. Addition of supplemental N and P to various residues provided no alleviating effect on crop growth. Addition of P markedly enhanced P uptake without affecting total dry weights of both test species when compared to the controls. Yellow foxtail and common ragweed residues increased K uptake (21 to 48%) in corn but not in soybeans. The weed residues demonstrated an allelopathic inhibition of growth independent of N and P nutrition, and suggest that the inhibitory effects are not related to nutrient uptake.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Weed residues inhibited growth more in silica sand than in soil and sand mixture.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- Weed residuese0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effectse0
- Direction
- more inhibitorye0
- Comparator
- mixture of soil (Typic Agriudoll) and sande0
- Setting
- silica sande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed residues in silica sand produced more inhibitory effects than the mixture of soil (Typic Agriudoll) and sand”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporated residues inhibited growth 8 to 14% more than surface-applied residues.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- residues were incorporatede0
- Outcome
- growth inhibitione0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 8 to 14%e0
- Comparator
- surface appliede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth inhibition was more (8 to 14%) when the residues were incorporated in all soils than when they were surface applied”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
All residues except common ragweed reduced corn dry matter by 6 to 20%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- All residues except common ragweede0
- Outcome
- dry matter productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 6 to 20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All residues except common ragweed reduced corn (6 to 20%) and soybean (2 to 20%) dry matter production”
Claim · model-written summary
All residues except common ragweed reduced soybean dry matter by 2 to 20%.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- All residues except common ragweede0
- Outcome
- dry matter productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 2 to 20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All residues except common ragweed reduced corn (6 to 20%) and soybean (2 to 20%) dry matter production”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue source, placement and soil texture conditioned N, P and K uptake responses.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- residue source, residue placement, or soil texturee0
- Outcome
- N, P, and K uptakee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibition or stimulation of N, P, and K uptake in both crops was not consistent and depended on the residue source, residue placement, or soil texture”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental N and P did not alleviate crop growth inhibition.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Addition of supplemental N and Pe0
- Outcome
- crop growthe0
- Direction
- no alleviating effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of supplemental N and P to various residues provided no alleviating effect on crop growth”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Added P markedly enhanced P uptake.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Addition of Pe0
- Outcome
- P uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of P markedly enhanced P uptake without affecting total dry weights of both test species when compared to the controls”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Added P did not affect total dry weight.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Addition of Pe0
- Outcome
- total dry weightse0
- Direction
- without affectinge0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of P markedly enhanced P uptake without affecting total dry weights of both test species when compared to the controls”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow foxtail residues increased corn K uptake by 21 to 48%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Yellow foxtaile0
- Interactor
- Yellow foxtail
Setaria pumilae0weed - Outcome
- K uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21 to 48%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yellow foxtail and common ragweed residues increased K uptake (21 to 48%) in corn but not in soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Common ragweed residues increased corn K uptake by 21 to 48%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- common ragweed residuese0
- Interactor
- common ragweed
Ambrosia artemisiifoliae0weed - Outcome
- K uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21 to 48%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yellow foxtail and common ragweed residues increased K uptake (21 to 48%) in corn but not in soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow foxtail residues did not increase soybean K uptake.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Yellow foxtaile0
- Interactor
- Yellow foxtailSetaria pumilae0weed
- Outcome
- K uptakee0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yellow foxtail and common ragweed residues increased K uptake (21 to 48%) in corn but not in soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Common ragweed residues did not increase soybean K uptake.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- common ragweed residuese0
- Interactor
- common ragweedAmbrosia artemisiifoliae0weed
- Outcome
- K uptakee0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yellow foxtail and common ragweed residues increased K uptake (21 to 48%) in corn but not in soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred allelopathic growth inhibition independent of N and P nutrition.
Verbatim
e0“The weed residues demonstrated an allelopathic inhibition of growth independent of N and P nutrition”
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