Abstract
Crotalaria grahamiana (Wight & Arn.) (Leguminosae) is an exotic shrub widely used as a short-rotation cover crop or planted fallow in eastern and southern Africa. Recently, Amphicallia pactolicus (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), an indigenous insect, has become a major defoliator of the shrub in eastern and southern Africa. We studied the feeding habits of A. pactolicus and evaluated the suitability of different species of Crotalaria for its development. The life cycle of A. pactolicus is described for the first time. The larval stage of A. pactolicus passed through six instars. Larvae that fed on flowers and pods, gained body mass faster and had shorter larval duration compared to those that fed on leaves. Out of the eight Crotalaria species tested (C. agatiflora Schweinf., C. grahamiana Wight & Arn., C. laburnifolia L., C. ochroleuca G. Don., C. paulina Schrank, C. pycnostachya Benth., C. striata DC. Benth and C. incana L.), only C. incana was rejected by the larvae. A significant proportion of the food ingested was recycled back to the soil in the form of droppings. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations of the faeces were similar to those of the plant material ingested. Reproductive tissues of the plant are most affected, thus indicating greater risk for seed multiplication and less danger to short-duration (6-8 months) fallow planted for soil fertility benefits. Early infestation allows more generations of A. pactolicus to develop and has the potential to cause a significant biomass yield loss.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Larvae of Amphicallia pactolicus fed on Crotalaria flowers and pods gained body mass faster than those fed on leaves.
- Taxon
- Crotalaria
Crotalariae0 - Treatment
- fed on flowers and podse2
- Interactor
- Amphicallia pactolicuse1herbivore
- Outcome
- body masse2
- Direction
- fastere2
- Comparator
- those that fed on leavese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crotalaria grahamiana (Wight & Arn.) (Leguminosae) is an exotic shrub widely used as a short-rotation cover crop or planted fallow in eastern and southern Africa”
e1“Amphicallia pactolicus (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), an indigenous insect, has become a major defoliator of the shrub in eastern and southern Africa”
e2“Larvae that fed on flowers and pods, gained body mass faster and had shorter larval duration compared to those that fed on leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Larvae of Amphicallia pactolicus fed on Crotalaria flowers and pods had shorter larval duration than those fed on leaves.
- Taxon
- CrotalariaCrotalariae0
- Treatment
- fed on flowers and podse2
- Interactor
- Amphicallia pactolicuse1herbivore
- Outcome
- larval duratione2
- Direction
- shortere2
- Comparator
- those that fed on leavese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crotalaria grahamiana (Wight & Arn.) (Leguminosae) is an exotic shrub widely used as a short-rotation cover crop or planted fallow in eastern and southern Africa”
e1“Amphicallia pactolicus (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), an indigenous insect, has become a major defoliator of the shrub in eastern and southern Africa”
e2“Larvae that fed on flowers and pods, gained body mass faster and had shorter larval duration compared to those that fed on leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Larvae rejected Crotalaria incana (C. incana) among the eight Crotalaria species tested.
- Taxon
- CrotalariaCrotalariae0
- Material
- C. incanae3
- Outcome
- rejected by the larvaee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crotalaria grahamiana (Wight & Arn.) (Leguminosae) is an exotic shrub widely used as a short-rotation cover crop or planted fallow in eastern and southern Africa”
e3“only C. incana was rejected by the larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
A significant proportion of food ingested by Amphicallia pactolicus larvae was recycled back to the soil as droppings.
- Taxon
- CrotalariaCrotalariae0
- Interactor
- Amphicallia pactolicuse1herbivore
- Outcome
- recycled back to the soil in the form of droppingse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crotalaria grahamiana (Wight & Arn.) (Leguminosae) is an exotic shrub widely used as a short-rotation cover crop or planted fallow in eastern and southern Africa”
e1“Amphicallia pactolicus (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), an indigenous insect, has become a major defoliator of the shrub in eastern and southern Africa”
e4“A significant proportion of the food ingested was recycled back to the soil in the form of droppings”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations of Amphicallia pactolicus faeces were similar to those of the plant material ingested.
- Taxon
- CrotalariaCrotalariae0
- Outcome
- nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations of the faecese5
- Comparator
- plant material ingestede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crotalaria grahamiana (Wight & Arn.) (Leguminosae) is an exotic shrub widely used as a short-rotation cover crop or planted fallow in eastern and southern Africa”
e5“The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations of the faeces were similar to those of the plant material ingested”
Claim · model-written summary
Reproductive tissues of Crotalaria plants are the most affected by the defoliator.
- Taxon
- CrotalariaCrotalariae0
- Organ / stage
- Reproductive tissues of the plante6
- Outcome
- most affectede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crotalaria grahamiana (Wight & Arn.) (Leguminosae) is an exotic shrub widely used as a short-rotation cover crop or planted fallow in eastern and southern Africa”
e6“Reproductive tissues of the plant are most affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Early infestation by Amphicallia pactolicus may allow more generations and cause significant biomass yield loss in Crotalaria.
- Taxon
- CrotalariaCrotalariae0
- Treatment
- Early infestatione7
- Interactor
- A. pactolicuse7herbivore
- Outcome
- biomass yield losse7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crotalaria grahamiana (Wight & Arn.) (Leguminosae) is an exotic shrub widely used as a short-rotation cover crop or planted fallow in eastern and southern Africa”
e7“Early infestation allows more generations of A. pactolicus to develop and has the potential to cause a significant biomass yield loss”
Claim · model-written summary
Larval stage of Amphicallia pactolicus on Crotalaria passed through six instars.
- Taxon
- CrotalariaCrotalariae0
- Interactor
- A. pactolicuse7herbivore
- Outcome
- larval stagee7
- Value
- six instarse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crotalaria grahamiana (Wight & Arn.) (Leguminosae) is an exotic shrub widely used as a short-rotation cover crop or planted fallow in eastern and southern Africa”
e7“The larval stage of A. pactolicus passed through six instars”