Abstract
Wild oat control options are limited in western Canada due to resistance to most common herbicides. Control of wild oat with pyroxasulfone, a soil-applied, very-long-chain fatty-acid inhibitor, was investigated. A series of greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to isolate the effects of vertical seed position, site of herbicide interception, and tillage on wild oat control with pyroxasulfone in comparison with triallate. In greenhouse experiments, wild oat shoot length (soil surface to leaf tip) was reduced (P<0.05) in shallow-seeded wild oat compared with deep-seeded wild oat with pyroxasulfone (6.2 and 9.8 cm, respectively) and triallate (3.7 and 13.2 cm, respectively). Soil-applied pyroxasulfone remained in the top 2.5 cm of the soil with or without a simulated rainfall event. Pyroxasulfone was most effective if either the seed or the shoot 1 cm above the seed intercepted the herbicide layer. If a wild oat emerges from deeper in the soil profile, the sensitive part of the seedling may not intercept an effective rate of pyroxasulfone in the soil. In field experiments comparing deep- and shallow-seeded wild oat treated with pyroxasulfone and triallate in fields with and without tillage, there were no significant effects of tillage alone on wild oat shoot length. Deep-seeded wild oat emerged early, and while herbicides reduced shoot growth, shoots were >10 cm. Shallow-seeded wild oat had delayed emergence, possibly due to reduced soil moisture, and herbicides reduced shoot growth to <10cm. Pyroxasulfone is likely to be more effective in no-till fields where wild oat seeds are not located deep in the soil.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone reduced shoot length more in shallow-seeded than deep-seeded wild oat, 6.2 versus 9.8 cm.
Verbatim
e0“wild oat shoot length (soil surface to leaf tip) was reduced (P<0.05) in shallow-seeded wild oat compared with deep-seeded wild oat with pyroxasulfone (6.2 and 9.8 cm, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Triallate reduced shoot length more in shallow-seeded than deep-seeded wild oat, 3.7 versus 13.2 cm.
Verbatim
e0“wild oat shoot length (soil surface to leaf tip) was reduced (P<0.05) in shallow-seeded wild oat compared with deep-seeded wild oat with pyroxasulfone (6.2 and 9.8 cm, respectively) and triallate (3.7 and 13.2 cm, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-applied pyroxasulfone stayed in the top 2.5 cm of soil with or without simulated rain.
Verbatim
e0“Soil-applied pyroxasulfone remained in the top 2.5 cm of the soil with or without a simulated rainfall event”
t0“Wild Oat (Avena fatua)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone was most effective when the seed intercepted the herbicide layer.
- Taxon
- Wild Oatt0
- Treatment
- Pyroxasulfonee0
- Outcome
- most effectivee0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Qualifier
- the seede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Pyroxasulfone was most effective if either the seed or the shoot 1 cm above the seed intercepted the herbicide layer”
t0“Wild Oat (Avena fatua)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone was most effective when shoot tissue 1 cm above the seed intercepted the herbicide layer.
- Taxon
- Wild Oatt0
- Treatment
- Pyroxasulfonee0
- Outcome
- most effectivee0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Qualifier
- shoot 1 cm above the seede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Pyroxasulfone was most effective if either the seed or the shoot 1 cm above the seed intercepted the herbicide layer”
t0“Wild Oat (Avena fatua)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage alone had no significant effect on wild oat shoot length.
- Taxon
- wild oate0
- Treatment
- tillage alonee0
- Outcome
- wild oat shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- no significant effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“there were no significant effects of tillage alone on wild oat shoot length”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep-seeded wild oat emerged early.
Verbatim
e0“Deep-seeded wild oat emerged early”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides reduced deep-seeded wild oat shoot growth, though shoots exceeded 10 cm.
- Taxon
- wild oate1
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- >10 cme0
- Qualifier
- Deep-seedede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“while herbicides reduced shoot growth, shoots were >10 cm”
e1“Deep-seeded wild oat emerged early”
Claim · model-written summary
Shallow-seeded wild oat emerged later.
Verbatim
e0“Shallow-seeded wild oat had delayed emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides reduced shallow-seeded wild oat shoot growth to less than 10 cm.
- Taxon
- wild oate1
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- <10cme0
- Qualifier
- Shallow-seedede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“herbicides reduced shoot growth to <10cm”
e1“Shallow-seeded wild oat had delayed emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors expect pyroxasulfone to work better in no-till fields where wild oat seeds are shallow.
Verbatim
e0“Pyroxasulfone is likely to be more effective in no-till fields where wild oat seeds are not located deep in the soil”
The same questions in other papers
pyroxasulfone · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Tri-allate · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
tillage · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 8 papers →herbicide · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.