Abstract
The present work reports on the application of a non-destructive and effective microwave irradiation technique applied to soybean seeds in the context of its use in the control of the seed-associated fungi. Thirty seconds of irradiation had no deleterious effects on the viability, vigour, moisture content or ultrastructure of the seeds and virtually eliminated all internal fungi. After being irradiated for 30 s, neither axis nor cotyledon cells differed in ultrastructural appearance from the control material. The vigour and viability of seeds irradiated for 45 or 60 s were substantially affected, and associated deleterious changes in the axis ultrastructure occurred. After 45 s irradiation, changes in the nuclei and mitochondria of axis cells were evident, while tissues of the cotyledon remained unaffected. Irradiation for 60 s caused changes in cell walls, membranes, nuclei and other organelles of axis tissue, with cotyledonary tissues showing the greatest degree of disruption. The results are discussed in the context of the nature of water in the dehydrated seeds, and the effects of microwave energy both on water and subcellular structures.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty seconds of irradiation left seed viability, vigour, moisture and ultrastructure without deleterious effects.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Thirty seconds of irradiatione0
- Outcome
- viability, vigour, moisture content or ultrastructure of the seedse0
- Direction
- no deleterious effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thirty seconds of irradiation had no deleterious effects on the viability, vigour, moisture content or ultrastructure of the seeds”
t0“soybean seed tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty seconds of irradiation virtually eliminated internal seed fungi.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Thirty seconds of irradiatione0
- Outcome
- internal fungie0
- Direction
- virtually eliminatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thirty seconds of irradiation had no deleterious effects on the viability, vigour, moisture content or ultrastructure of the seeds and virtually eliminated all internal fungi”
t0“soybean seed tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
After 30 seconds, axis and cotyledon cells showed no ultrastructural difference from controls.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- irradiated for 30 se0
- Outcome
- ultrastructural appearancee0
- Direction
- neither axis nor cotyledon cells differede0
- Comparator
- control materiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After being irradiated for 30 s, neither axis nor cotyledon cells differed in ultrastructural appearance from the control material”
t0“soybean seed tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation for 45 seconds substantially affected seed vigour and viability.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- irradiated for 45 or 60 se0
- Outcome
- vigour and viabilitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The vigour and viability of seeds irradiated for 45 or 60 s were substantially affected”
t0“soybean seed tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
After 45 seconds, changes were evident in axis nuclei and mitochondria while cotyledon tissues were unaffected.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 45 s irradiatione0
- Outcome
- changes in the nuclei and mitochondria of axis cellse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 45 s irradiation, changes in the nuclei and mitochondria of axis cells were evident, while tissues of the cotyledon remained unaffected”
t0“soybean seed tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation for 60 seconds changed axis cell walls, membranes, nuclei and organelles.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Irradiation for 60 se0
- Outcome
- changes in cell walls, membranes, nuclei and other organelles of axis tissuee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irradiation for 60 s caused changes in cell walls, membranes, nuclei and other organelles of axis tissue”
t0“soybean seed tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotyledonary tissues showed the greatest disruption after 60 seconds of irradiation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledonary tissuese0
- Treatment
- Irradiation for 60 se1
- Outcome
- degree of disruptione0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with cotyledonary tissues showing the greatest degree of disruption”
e1“Irradiation for 60 s caused changes in cell walls, membranes, nuclei and other organelles of axis tissue”
t0“soybean seed tissues”
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