Abstract
Alternative sources of plant nutrients have now become imperative especially for vegetable crop production in Nigeria because of the escalating costs of inorganic fertilizers with the attendant environmental and health problems associated with excessive use of these inputs on continuously cropped fields. A two-year field experiment was conducted during the early planting seasons from March to June of 2011 and 2012 on the acidic coastal plain soils at Calabar, to evaluate the combined effects of four rates each (0, 5, 10 and 15 t/ha) of poultry manure (PM) and goat manure (GM) on soil chemical properties and agronomic performance of sweet maize (Zea mays L. saccharata Strut.). Factorial combinations of the treatments were fitted into a randomized complete block design with three replications. The application of the manures significantly (P <= 0.05) raised the soil pH, organic matter content, total N, available P and exchangeable K, Ca and Mg status of the soil. Except for pH, total N, and available P contents, GM had superior responses for all other chemical properties than PM. The 15 t/ha rate of both manures maximized sweet maize growth attributes, total dry matter (TDM) and grain yields and also hastened days to 50% tasselling. On average, the application of 5, 10 and 15 t/ha PM rates, increased TDM by 8.5, 35.1 and 53.9%, whereas the corresponding values for GM were 15.6, 27.8 and 33.2% respectively compared with the unamended control plots. The grain yield increases at 15 t/ha PM and GM were 11.2, 59.8 and 126.9% ; and 4.2, 20.0 and 45.8% respectively, above the 10, 5 and 0 t/ha rates of both manures. The growth and yield attributes showed greater responses to PM than GM in terms of the values obtained. The co-application of PM at 15 t/ha and GM at 10 t/ha had the best effects on TDM and grain yield and is thus recommended for sweet maize production in this agro-ecology.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Manure application raised soil pH, organic matter and total N.
- Taxon
- sweet maizeZea mays L saccharata Strut 220t0
- Treatment
- manurese0
- Outcome
- soil pH, organic matter content, total Ne0
- Direction
- raisede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The application of the manures significantly (P <= 0.05) raised the soil pH, organic matter content, total N, available P and exchangeable K, Ca and Mg status of the soil”
t0“sweet maizeZea mays L saccharata Strut 220”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure application raised available P and exchangeable K and Ca.
- Taxon
- sweet maizeZea mays L saccharata Strut 220t0
- Treatment
- manurese0
- Outcome
- available P and exchangeable K, Cae0
- Direction
- raisede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The application of the manures significantly (P <= 0.05) raised the soil pH, organic matter content, total N, available P and exchangeable K, Ca and Mg status of the soil”
t0“sweet maizeZea mays L saccharata Strut 220”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure application raised exchangeable Mg.
- Taxon
- sweet maizeZea mays L saccharata Strut 220t0
- Treatment
- manurese0
- Outcome
- Mg status of the soile0
- Direction
- raisede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The application of the manures significantly (P <= 0.05) raised the soil pH, organic matter content, total N, available P and exchangeable K, Ca and Mg status of the soil”
t0“sweet maizeZea mays L saccharata Strut 220”
Claim · model-written summary
Goat manure gave superior responses to poultry manure for soil chemical properties except pH, total N and available P.
Verbatim
e0“Except for pH, total N, and available P contents, GM had superior responses for all other chemical properties than PM”
t0“sweet maizeZea mays L saccharata Strut 220”
Claim · model-written summary
At 15 t/ha, both manures maximized growth attributes and total dry matter.
- Taxon
- sweet maizee0
- Treatment
- 15 t/ha rate of both manurese0
- Outcome
- growth attributes, total dry matter (TDM)e0
- Direction
- maximizede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The 15 t/ha rate of both manures maximized sweet maize growth attributes, total dry matter (TDM) and grain yields and also hastened days to 50% tasselling”
Claim · model-written summary
At 15 t/ha, both manures maximized grain yields.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The 15 t/ha rate of both manures maximized sweet maize growth attributes, total dry matter (TDM) and grain yields and also hastened days to 50% tasselling”
Claim · model-written summary
At 15 t/ha, both manures hastened 50% tasselling.
- Taxon
- sweet maizee0
- Treatment
- 15 t/ha rate of both manurese0
- Outcome
- days to 50% tassellinge0
- Direction
- hastenede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The 15 t/ha rate of both manures maximized sweet maize growth attributes, total dry matter (TDM) and grain yields and also hastened days to 50% tasselling”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure increased total dry matter by 8.5, 35.1 and 53.9% at 5, 10 and 15 t/ha, respectively.
- Taxon
- sweet maizeZea mays L saccharata Strut 220t0
- Treatment
- 5, 10 and 15 t/ha PM ratese0
- Outcome
- TDMe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8.5, 35.1 and 53.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the application of 5, 10 and 15 t/ha PM rates, increased TDM by 8.5, 35.1 and 53.9%”
t0“sweet maizeZea mays L saccharata Strut 220”
Claim · model-written summary
Goat manure increased total dry matter by 15.6, 27.8 and 33.2% at corresponding rates.
- Taxon
- sweet maizeZea mays L saccharata Strut 220t0
- Treatment
- GMe0
- Value
- 15.6, 27.8 and 33.2%e0
- Comparator
- unamended control plotse0
Not reportedOutcomeDirection
Verbatim
e0“the corresponding values for GM were 15.6, 27.8 and 33.2% respectively compared with the unamended control plots”
t0“sweet maizeZea mays L saccharata Strut 220”
Claim · model-written summary
At 15 t/ha, poultry manure grain yield exceeded 10, 5 and 0 t/ha by 11.2, 59.8 and 126.9%, respectively.
Verbatim
e0“The grain yield increases at 15 t/ha PM and GM were 11.2, 59.8 and 126.9% ; and 4.2, 20.0 and 45.8% respectively, above the 10, 5 and 0 t/ha rates of both manures”
t0“sweet maizeZea mays L saccharata Strut 220”
Claim · model-written summary
At 15 t/ha, goat manure grain yield exceeded 10, 5 and 0 t/ha by 4.2, 20.0 and 45.8%, respectively.
Verbatim
e0“The grain yield increases at 15 t/ha PM and GM were 11.2, 59.8 and 126.9% ; and 4.2, 20.0 and 45.8% respectively, above the 10, 5 and 0 t/ha rates of both manures”
t0“sweet maizeZea mays L saccharata Strut 220”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth and yield attributes responded more to poultry than goat manure.
Verbatim
e0“The growth and yield attributes showed greater responses to PM than GM in terms of the values obtained”
t0“sweet maizeZea mays L saccharata Strut 220”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 15 t/ha poultry manure and 10 t/ha goat manure had the best total dry matter and grain yield effects.
- Taxon
- sweet maizeZea mays L saccharata Strut 220t0
- Treatment
- co-application of PM at 15 t/ha and GM at 10 t/hae0
- Outcome
- TDM and grain yielde0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The co-application of PM at 15 t/ha and GM at 10 t/ha had the best effects on TDM and grain yield”
t0“sweet maizeZea mays L saccharata Strut 220”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend that manure combination for sweet maize production in this agro-ecology.
Verbatim
e0“The co-application of PM at 15 t/ha and GM at 10 t/ha had the best effects on TDM and grain yield and is thus recommended for sweet maize production in this agro-ecology”
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