Abstract
The present study was planned to evaluate the long term effect of legume intensified maize based crop rotations and tillage practices on productivity, profitability of maize vis-a-vis soil health. The experiment consisted of three tillage practices i.e. zero tillage (ZT), permanent bed (PB) and conventional tillage (CT) as main plot treatments and four crop rotations (MWMb; maize-wheat-mungbean, MCS; maize-chickpea-Sesbania, MMuMb; maize-mustard-mungbean, MMS; maize-maize-Sesbania) as sub plot treatments. Results revealed that ZT and PB resulted into significantly (P less than 0.05) improvement in grain (7.7-14.2%) and stover yield (7.4-13.0%) of maize over CT. Similarly, maize grain and stover yield were invariably higher in MCS and MWMb systems compared to MMuMb and MMS rotations. The total soil carbon (TSC) content increased by 15.4-17.4 and 20.32-20.91% with ZT and PB over CT in 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depths, respectively. However, MCS and MWMb rotations registered 11.3-18.0% (0-15 cm) and 8.4-11.0% (15-30 cm) higher TSC over MMuMb rotation. Similarly, ZT and PB resulted into significantly (P less than 0.05) improvement in available soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) compared to CT. ZT/PB under MCS crop rotations registered higher net returns and BC ratio compared to rest of the treatment combinations. Interaction effect of tillage and crop rotations were significant (P less than 0.05) for stover yield, net returns, BC ratio and TSC and all these parameters were reported maximum with ZT-MCS. Thus, the present study suggests that CA based crop management practices can be advocated as sustainable intensification strategy in north-western India.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage and permanent beds increased maize grain yield over conventional tillage.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZT and PB resulted into significantly (P less than 0.05) improvement in grain (7.7-14.2%) and stover yield (7.4-13.0%) of maize over CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage and permanent beds increased maize stover yield over conventional tillage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZT and PB resulted into significantly (P less than 0.05) improvement in grain (7.7-14.2%) and stover yield (7.4-13.0%) of maize over CT”
Claim · model-written summary
MCS and MWMb had higher maize grain and stover yield than MMuMb and MMS.
- Treatment
- MCS and MWMb systemse0
- Outcome
- grain and stover yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- MMuMb and MMS rotationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize grain and stover yield were invariably higher in MCS and MWMb systems compared to MMuMb and MMS rotations”
Claim · model-written summary
ZT and PB increased total soil carbon by 15.4 to 17.4% in surface soil.
- Treatment
- ZT and PBe0
- Outcome
- total soil carbon (TSC) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.4-17.4e0
- Qualifier
- 0-15e0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total soil carbon (TSC) content increased by 15.4-17.4 and 20.32-20.91% with ZT and PB over CT in 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depths, respectively.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ZT and PB increased total soil carbon by 20.32 to 20.91% in deeper soil.
- Treatment
- ZT and PBe0
- Outcome
- total soil carbon (TSC) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.32-20.91%e0
- Qualifier
- 15-30 cme0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total soil carbon (TSC) content increased by 15.4-17.4 and 20.32-20.91% with ZT and PB over CT in 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depths, respectively.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
MCS and MWMb rotations had higher surface soil carbon than MMuMb.
- Treatment
- MCS and MWMb rotationse0
- Outcome
- TSCe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 11.3-18.0%e0
- Qualifier
- 0-15 cme0
- Comparator
- MMuMb rotatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MCS and MWMb rotations registered 11.3-18.0% (0-15 cm) and 8.4-11.0% (15-30 cm) higher TSC over MMuMb rotation”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
MCS and MWMb rotations had higher deeper soil carbon than MMuMb.
- Treatment
- MCS and MWMb rotationse0
- Outcome
- TSCe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 8.4-11.0%e0
- Qualifier
- 15-30 cme0
- Comparator
- MMuMb rotatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MCS and MWMb rotations registered 11.3-18.0% (0-15 cm) and 8.4-11.0% (15-30 cm) higher TSC over MMuMb rotation”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ZT and PB significantly improved available soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium relative to CT.
- Treatment
- ZT and PBe0
- Outcome
- available soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K)e0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZT and PB resulted into significantly (P less than 0.05) improvement in available soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) compared to CT”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ZT or PB with MCS had higher net returns and benefit cost ratio than other combinations.
- Treatment
- ZT/PB under MCS crop rotationse0
- Outcome
- net returns and BC ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- rest of the treatment combinationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZT/PB under MCS crop rotations registered higher net returns and BC ratio compared to rest of the treatment combinations”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage and rotation interacted significantly for stover yield, net returns and benefit cost ratio.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interaction effect of tillage and crop rotations were significant (P less than 0.05) for stover yield, net returns, BC ratio and TSC”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ZT with MCS maximized stover yield, returns, benefit cost ratio and soil carbon.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all these parameters were reported maximum with ZT-MCS”
e1“stover yield, net returns, BC ratio and TSC”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advocate conservation agriculture management for sustainable intensification in north western India.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CA based crop management practices can be advocated as sustainable intensification strategy in north-western India”
t0“maize”
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