Abstract
Chromosome morphometry and nuclear DNA content are useful data for cytotaxonomy and to understand the evolutionary history of different taxa. For the genus Bromus Linnaeus, 1753, distinct ploidy levels have been reported, occurring from diploid to duodecaploid species. The geographic distribution of Bromus species has been correlated with chromosome number and ploidy level. In this study, the aims were to determine the nuclear genome size and characterize the karyotype of the South American Bromus species: Bromus auleticus Trinius ex Nees, 1829, Bromus brachyanthera Döll, 1878 and Bromus catharticus Vahl, 1791. The mean nuclear 2C value ranged from 2C = 12.64 pg for B. catharticus to 2C = 17.92 pg for B. auleticus, meaning a maximum variation of 2C = 5.28 pg, equivalent to 41.70%. Despite this significant difference in 2C value, the three species exhibit the same chromosome number, 2n = 6x = 42, which confirms their hexaploid origin. Corroborating the genome size, the chromosome morphometry (total, short- and long-arm length) and, consequently, the class differed among the karyotypes of the species. Based on the first karyograms for these Bromus species, some morphologically similar and several distinct chromosome pairs were found. Therefore, the karyotype characterization confirmed the hexaploid origin of the studied Bromus species, which differ in relation to the karyogram and the nuclear 2C value. Considering this, cytogenetics and flow cytometry can be used to discriminate Bromus species, contributing to taxonomy and systematic studies and providing information on the evolutionary history of this taxa.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
B. catharticus had a mean nuclear 2C value of 12.64 pg.
- Taxon
- B. catharticus
Bromus catharticuse0 - Outcome
- mean nuclear 2C valuee0
- Value
- 12.64 pge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean nuclear 2C value ranged from 2C = 12.64 pg for B. catharticus to 2C = 17.92 pg for B. auleticus, meaning a maximum variation of 2C = 5.28 pg, equivalent to 41.70%.”
Claim · model-written summary
B. auleticus had a mean nuclear 2C value of 17.92 pg.
- Taxon
- B. auleticus
Bromus auleticuse0 - Outcome
- mean nuclear 2C valuee0
- Value
- 17.92 pge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean nuclear 2C value ranged from 2C = 12.64 pg for B. catharticus to 2C = 17.92 pg for B. auleticus, meaning a maximum variation of 2C = 5.28 pg, equivalent to 41.70%.”
Claim · model-written summary
The three Bromus species had a maximum nuclear 2C variation of 5.28 pg.
BromusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean nuclear 2C value ranged from 2C = 12.64 pg for B. catharticus to 2C = 17.92 pg for B. auleticus, meaning a maximum variation of 2C = 5.28 pg, equivalent to 41.70%.”
t0“South American Bromus species:”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum variation in nuclear 2C value was 41.70%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean nuclear 2C value ranged from 2C = 12.64 pg for B. catharticus to 2C = 17.92 pg for B. auleticus, meaning a maximum variation of 2C = 5.28 pg, equivalent to 41.70%.”
t0“South American Bromus species:”
Claim · model-written summary
All three species shared chromosome number 2n = 6x = 42.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the three species exhibit the same chromosome number, 2n = 6x = 42, which confirms their hexaploid origin.”
t0“South American Bromus species:”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromosome arm dimensions and karyotype classes differed among the species.
- Outcome
- chromosome morphometry (total, short- and long-arm length) and, consequently, the classe0
- Direction
- differede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the chromosome morphometry (total, short- and long-arm length) and, consequently, the class differed among the karyotypes of the species.”
t0“South American Bromus species:”
Claim · model-written summary
Karyograms showed some similar and several distinct chromosome pairs.
- Outcome
- some morphologically similar and several distinct chromosome pairse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some morphologically similar and several distinct chromosome pairs were found.”
t0“South American Bromus species:”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytogenetics and flow cytometry can discriminate the Bromus species.
- Outcome
- discriminate Bromus speciese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cytogenetics and flow cytometry can be used to discriminate Bromus species”