Abstract
TRIALS FOR THE CONTROL OF THE CITRUS MEALYBUG IN CITRUS ORCHARDS BY AUGMENTATIVE RELEASE OF TWO ENCYRTID PARASITOIDS. Since the 1980s, the citrus mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso) has become a key pest in Israel, owing to intensive planting of highly susceptible varieties, the introduction of Insect Growth Regulators (which adversely affect coccinellids) and the development of resistance to chlorpyrifos. Management of the mealybug populations in citrus orchards by augmentative releases of parasitoids was investigated between 1993 and 1996 in a series of tests involving the release of 5,000-10,000 Leptomastix dactylopii (Howard) (Encyrtidae) per hectare. Results showed no significant effect on the density of the mealybug on the fruits. In general, the establishment of L. dactylopii was poor and population levels were inferior to those of the naturally occurring Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault) (Encyrtidae). In 1996-1997, augmentative early-spring releases of A. pseudococci at the rates of 10,000-50,000 individuals per hectare markedly increased the population density of A. pseudococci during April and June but had no significant effect on either the mealybug infestation or on fruit damage caused by the pest and its fruit moth associates. Key words: grapefruit, persimmon, custard apple, coffee, cacao, Citrus, Diospyros, Annona, life cycle, damage, Coccidoxenoides peregrinus, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Sympherobius sanctus, mass rearing, cork ring, potato sprout, potato trap, low temperatures, fruit moths.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Releases of Leptomastix dactylopii had no significant effect on mealybug density on citrus fruits
- Treatment
- release of 5,000-10,000 Leptomastix dactylopiie1
- Interactor
- Planococcus citri
.jpg?width=60)
Planococcus citrie0pest - Second interactor
- Leptomastix dactylopiiLeptomastix dactylopiie1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- density of the mealybug on the fruitse2
- Direction
- no significant effecte2
- Setting
- citrus orchardse1
CitrusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Since the 1980s, the citrus mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso) has become a key pest in Israel”
e1“Management of the mealybug populations in citrus orchards by augmentative releases of parasitoids was investigated between 1993 and 1996 in a series of tests involving the release of 5,000-10,000 Leptomastix dactylopii (Howard) (Encyrtidae) per hectare”
e2“Results showed no significant effect on the density of the mealybug on the fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-spring releases of A. pseudococci markedly increased its population density in April and June
- Treatment
- augmentative early-spring releases of A. pseudococcie3
- Interactor
- A. pseudococciAnagyrus pseudococcie3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- population density of A. pseudococcie3
- Direction
- markedly increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Since the 1980s, the citrus mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso) has become a key pest in Israel”
e3“In 1996-1997, augmentative early-spring releases of A. pseudococci at the rates of 10,000-50,000 individuals per hectare markedly increased the population density of A. pseudococci during April and June”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-spring releases of A. pseudococci had no significant effect on mealybug infestation
- Treatment
- augmentative early-spring releases of A. pseudococcie3
- Interactor
- Planococcus citriPlanococcus citrie0pest
- Outcome
- mealybug infestatione4
- Direction
- no significant effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Since the 1980s, the citrus mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso) has become a key pest in Israel”
e3“In 1996-1997, augmentative early-spring releases of A. pseudococci at the rates of 10,000-50,000 individuals per hectare markedly increased the population density of A. pseudococci during April and June”
e4“had no significant effect on either the mealybug infestation or on fruit damage caused by the pest and its fruit moth associates”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-spring releases of A. pseudococci had no significant effect on fruit damage caused by the pest
- Treatment
- augmentative early-spring releases of A. pseudococcie3
- Interactor
- Planococcus citriPlanococcus citrie0pest
- Outcome
- fruit damage caused by the peste4
- Direction
- no significant effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Since the 1980s, the citrus mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso) has become a key pest in Israel”
e3“In 1996-1997, augmentative early-spring releases of A. pseudococci at the rates of 10,000-50,000 individuals per hectare markedly increased the population density of A. pseudococci during April and June”
e4“had no significant effect on either the mealybug infestation or on fruit damage caused by the pest and its fruit moth associates”
The same questions in other papers
Leptomastix dactylopii · Planococcus citri · CitrusPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.