Paper · 1969 · Journal of the Arnold Arboretum

The Ecology of an Elfin Forest in Puerto Rico, 8. Studies of Stem Growth and Form and of Leaf Structure

Richard A. Howard

4
claims
7
verbatim quotes
51
citations
3
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc-sa

Abstract

tions. We did find on rare individuals a fasciation of branches resulting from insect damage to an apical meristem. Witches' brooms or comparable fasciations due to fungi or mutations did not appear within the forest under study. A few shrubs, e.g., Cleyera and Symplocas, had scrambling branches when intermediate in height. Aberrant leaf forms were encountered and these were the result of abnormal laminal development following insect damage of primordia or very young leaves.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-sa. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 4

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fasciation of branches was found on rare Elfin Forest individuals, resulting from insect damage to an apical meristem.

Taxon
Elfin Forestt0
Interactor
insecte0herbivore
Outcome
fasciation of branchese0
Qualifier
rare individualse0
Setting
Puerto Ricot0

Verbatim

t0

“The Ecology of an Elfin Forest in Puerto Rico”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–45 · show in text ↑
e0

“We did find on rare individuals a fasciation of branches resulting from insect damage to an apical meristem”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 7–114 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Witches brooms or comparable fasciations due to fungi or mutations did not appear in the Elfin Forest.

Taxon
Elfin Forestt0
Interactor
fungiFungie1pathogen
Outcome
Witches' brooms or comparable fasciations due to fungi or mutationse1
Qualifier
did not appeare1

Verbatim

t0

“The Ecology of an Elfin Forest in Puerto Rico”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–45 · show in text ↑
e1

“Witches' brooms or comparable fasciations due to fungi or mutations did not appear within the forest under study”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 116–228 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A few shrubs such as Cleyera and Symplocas had scrambling branches when intermediate in height.

Taxon
Cleyera and SymplocasSymplocaCleyerae2
Outcome
scrambling branchese2
Qualifier
when intermediate in heighte2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Symploca
Symploca · TaxonRandal · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗
Cleyera
Cleyera · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)KENPEI · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e2

“A few shrubs, e.g., Cleyera and Symplocas, had scrambling branches when intermediate in height”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 230–324 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Aberrant leaf forms in the Elfin Forest resulted from abnormal laminal development after insect damage to primordia or very young leaves.

Taxon
Elfin Forestt0
Interactor
insecte3herbivore
Outcome
Aberrant leaf formse3
Qualifier
abnormal laminal developmente3

Verbatim

t0

“The Ecology of an Elfin Forest in Puerto Rico”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–45 · show in text ↑
e3

“Aberrant leaf forms were encountered and these were the result of abnormal laminal development following insect damage of primordia or very young leaves”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 326–478 · show in text ↑