Abstract
We carried out a pool culture experiment to determine the optimal water treatment depth in loam and clay soils during the late growth stage of super rice. Three controlled water depth treatments of 0–5, 0–10 and 0–15 cm below the soil surface were established using alternate wetting and drying irrigation, and the soil water potential (0 to –25 kPa) was measured at 5, 10 and 15 cm. A 2-cm water layer was used as the control. We measured soil enzyme activities, root antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and rice yield. The results showed that the 0–5-cm water depth treatment significantly increased root antioxidant enzyme activities in loam soil compared with the control, whereas soil enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield did not differ from those of the control. The 0–10- and 0–15-cm water depth treatments also increased root antioxidant enzyme activities, whereas soil enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield decreased. In clay soil, the soil enzyme activities, root antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield did not change with the 0–5-cm water treatment, whereas the 0–10- and 0–15-cm water treatments improved these parameters. Therefore, the appropriate depths for soil water during the late growth period of rice with a 0 to –25 kPa water potential were 5 cm in loam and 15 cm in clay soil.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
At 0–5 cm depth in loam, rice root antioxidant enzyme activities increased significantly against the control.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- 0–5-cm water depth treatmente0
- Outcome
- root antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
- Setting
- loam soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 0–5-cm water depth treatment significantly increased root antioxidant enzyme activities in loam soil compared with the control”
e1“the 0–5-cm water depth treatment significantly increased root antioxidant enzyme activities in loam soil compared with the control”
e2“The 0–10- and 0–15-cm water depth treatments also increased root antioxidant enzyme activities”
e3“In clay soil, the soil enzyme activities, root antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield did not change with the 0–5-cm water treatment”
e4“the appropriate depths for soil water during the late growth period of rice with a 0 to –25 kPa water potential were 5 cm in loam”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0–5 cm depth in loam, soil enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence, and yield did not differ from control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- soil enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yielde0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas soil enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield did not differ from those of the control.”
e1“the 0–5-cm water depth treatment significantly increased root antioxidant enzyme activities in loam soil compared with the control”
e2“The 0–10- and 0–15-cm water depth treatments also increased root antioxidant enzyme activities”
e3“In clay soil, the soil enzyme activities, root antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield did not change with the 0–5-cm water treatment”
e4“the appropriate depths for soil water during the late growth period of rice with a 0 to –25 kPa water potential were 5 cm in loam”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0–10 cm water depth increased root antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 0–10-e0
- Outcome
- root antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 0–10- and 0–15-cm water depth treatments also increased root antioxidant enzyme activities”
e1“the 0–5-cm water depth treatment significantly increased root antioxidant enzyme activities in loam soil compared with the control”
e2“The 0–10- and 0–15-cm water depth treatments also increased root antioxidant enzyme activities”
e3“In clay soil, the soil enzyme activities, root antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield did not change with the 0–5-cm water treatment”
e4“the appropriate depths for soil water during the late growth period of rice with a 0 to –25 kPa water potential were 5 cm in loam”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0–15 cm water depth increased root antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 0–15-cm water depth treatmentse0
- Outcome
- root antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 0–10- and 0–15-cm water depth treatments also increased root antioxidant enzyme activities”
e1“the 0–5-cm water depth treatment significantly increased root antioxidant enzyme activities in loam soil compared with the control”
e2“The 0–10- and 0–15-cm water depth treatments also increased root antioxidant enzyme activities”
e3“In clay soil, the soil enzyme activities, root antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield did not change with the 0–5-cm water treatment”
e4“the appropriate depths for soil water during the late growth period of rice with a 0 to –25 kPa water potential were 5 cm in loam”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0–10 cm depth decreased soil enzyme activity, chlorophyll fluorescence, and yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- soil enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas soil enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield decreased.”
e1“the 0–5-cm water depth treatment significantly increased root antioxidant enzyme activities in loam soil compared with the control”
e2“The 0–10- and 0–15-cm water depth treatments also increased root antioxidant enzyme activities”
e3“In clay soil, the soil enzyme activities, root antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield did not change with the 0–5-cm water treatment”
e4“the appropriate depths for soil water during the late growth period of rice with a 0 to –25 kPa water potential were 5 cm in loam”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0–15 cm depth decreased soil enzyme activity, chlorophyll fluorescence, and yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- soil enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas soil enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield decreased.”
e1“the 0–5-cm water depth treatment significantly increased root antioxidant enzyme activities in loam soil compared with the control”
e2“The 0–10- and 0–15-cm water depth treatments also increased root antioxidant enzyme activities”
e3“In clay soil, the soil enzyme activities, root antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield did not change with the 0–5-cm water treatment”
e4“the appropriate depths for soil water during the late growth period of rice with a 0 to –25 kPa water potential were 5 cm in loam”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
In clay, 0–5 cm water depth left soil enzymes, root antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll fluorescence and yield unchanged.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 0–5-cm water treatmente0
- Outcome
- soil enzyme activities, root antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yielde0
- Direction
- did not changee0
- Setting
- clay soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In clay soil, the soil enzyme activities, root antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield did not change with the 0–5-cm water treatment”
e1“the 0–5-cm water depth treatment significantly increased root antioxidant enzyme activities in loam soil compared with the control”
e2“The 0–10- and 0–15-cm water depth treatments also increased root antioxidant enzyme activities”
e3“In clay soil, the soil enzyme activities, root antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield did not change with the 0–5-cm water treatment”
e4“the appropriate depths for soil water during the late growth period of rice with a 0 to –25 kPa water potential were 5 cm in loam”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
In clay, the 0–10 cm water treatment improved soil enzymes, root antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll fluorescence and yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 0–10-e0
- Outcome
- these parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 0–10- and 0–15-cm water treatments improved these parameters.”
e1“the 0–5-cm water depth treatment significantly increased root antioxidant enzyme activities in loam soil compared with the control”
e2“The 0–10- and 0–15-cm water depth treatments also increased root antioxidant enzyme activities”
e3“In clay soil, the soil enzyme activities, root antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield did not change with the 0–5-cm water treatment”
e4“the appropriate depths for soil water during the late growth period of rice with a 0 to –25 kPa water potential were 5 cm in loam”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
In clay, the 0–15 cm water treatment improved soil enzymes, root antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll fluorescence and yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 0–15-cm water treatmentse0
- Outcome
- these parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 0–10- and 0–15-cm water treatments improved these parameters.”
e1“the 0–5-cm water depth treatment significantly increased root antioxidant enzyme activities in loam soil compared with the control”
e2“The 0–10- and 0–15-cm water depth treatments also increased root antioxidant enzyme activities”
e3“In clay soil, the soil enzyme activities, root antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield did not change with the 0–5-cm water treatment”
e4“the appropriate depths for soil water during the late growth period of rice with a 0 to –25 kPa water potential were 5 cm in loam”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 5 cm soil water depth for late-stage rice in loam at 0 to –25 kPa.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- 5 cm in loame0
- Value
- 5 cme0
- Qualifier
- 0 to –25 kPa water potentiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the appropriate depths for soil water during the late growth period of rice with a 0 to –25 kPa water potential were 5 cm in loam”
e1“the 0–5-cm water depth treatment significantly increased root antioxidant enzyme activities in loam soil compared with the control”
e2“The 0–10- and 0–15-cm water depth treatments also increased root antioxidant enzyme activities”
e3“In clay soil, the soil enzyme activities, root antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield did not change with the 0–5-cm water treatment”
e4“the appropriate depths for soil water during the late growth period of rice with a 0 to –25 kPa water potential were 5 cm in loam”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 15 cm soil water depth for late-stage rice in clay at 0 to –25 kPa.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- 15 cm in clay soile0
- Value
- 15 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“15 cm in clay soil”
e1“the 0–5-cm water depth treatment significantly increased root antioxidant enzyme activities in loam soil compared with the control”
e2“The 0–10- and 0–15-cm water depth treatments also increased root antioxidant enzyme activities”
e3“In clay soil, the soil enzyme activities, root antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield did not change with the 0–5-cm water treatment”
e4“the appropriate depths for soil water during the late growth period of rice with a 0 to –25 kPa water potential were 5 cm in loam”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · soil: biology · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
11 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.