Abstract
Uncertainties exist about the importance of rhizobia inoculant and starter nitrogen (N) application in dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) production. Three field experiments were conducted to evaluate how rhizobia inoculant and starter N fertilizer affect pea seed yield and protein concentration in a semi-arid environment in central Montana. Commercial rhizobia inoculant was mixed with seed prior to planting at the manufacturer’s recommended rate. Starter N fertilizers were applied into the same furrow as seed at 0, 22, 44 and 88 kg ha−1 as urea, slow-release polymer-coated N fertilizer (ESN), and a combination of both. The application of rhizobia inoculant had no or a very small beneficial effect on pea yield in lands with a previous history of peas. In a land without pea history, application of rhizobia increased pea seed yield by 16%. The positive effect of starter N was only pronounced when initial soil N was low (≤ 10 kg ha−1 nitrate-nitrogen), which increased net return by up to US$ 42 ha−1. In this condition, application of slow-release N outperformed urea. However, application of starter N (especially with urea) had a negative effect on pea establishment, vigor and seed yield when soil initial N was high (≥ 44 kg ha−1 NO3-N). The results indicate that the rate, placement and form of the starter N must be optimized to benefit pea yield and protein without detrimental effects on germination and nodulation. Moreover, application of starter N must be guided by the soil nitrate content.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobia inoculant had no or very small yield benefit where peas had previously grown.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- application of rhizobia inoculante0
- Interactor
- rhizobiae0symbiont
- Outcome
- pea yielde0
- Direction
- no or a very small beneficial effecte0
- Qualifier
- lands with a previous history of pease0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of rhizobia inoculant had no or a very small beneficial effect on pea yield in lands with a previous history of peas”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobia inoculant increased pea seed yield by 16% on land without pea history.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- application of rhizobiae0
- Interactor
- rhizobiae0symbiont
- Outcome
- pea seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Qualifier
- land without pea historye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a land without pea history, application of rhizobia increased pea seed yield by 16%”
Claim · model-written summary
Starter nitrogen improved net return by up to US$ 42 ha−1 when initial soil nitrogen was low.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- starter Ne0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- US$ 42 ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- initial soil N was low (≤ 10 kg ha−1 nitrate-nitrogen)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The positive effect of starter N was only pronounced when initial soil N was low (≤ 10 kg ha−1 nitrate-nitrogen), which increased net return by up to US$ 42 ha−1”
t0“dry pea (Pisum sativum Linn.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Slow-release nitrogen outperformed urea when initial soil nitrogen was low.
- Taxon
- dry pea (Pisum sativum Linn.)Lathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- slow-release Ne0
- Outcome
- outperformede0
- Direction
- outperformede0
- Qualifier
- this conditione0
- Comparator
- ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In this condition, application of slow-release N outperformed urea”
t0“dry pea (Pisum sativum Linn.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Starter nitrogen, especially urea, harmed pea establishment and vigor when initial soil nitrogen was high.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- starter N (especially with urea)e0
- Outcome
- pea establishment, vigore0
- Direction
- negative effecte0
- Qualifier
- soil initial N was high (≥ 44 kg ha−1 NO3-N)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of starter N (especially with urea) had a negative effect on pea establishment, vigor and seed yield when soil initial N was high (≥ 44 kg ha−1 NO3-N)”
Claim · model-written summary
Starter nitrogen, especially urea, harmed pea seed yield when initial soil nitrogen was high.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- starter N (especially with urea)e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- negative effecte0
- Qualifier
- soil initial N was high (≥ 44 kg ha−1 NO3-N)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of starter N (especially with urea) had a negative effect on pea establishment, vigor and seed yield when soil initial N was high (≥ 44 kg ha−1 NO3-N)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended optimizing starter nitrogen rate, placement and form.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Outcome
- rate, placement and form of the starter N must be optimizede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rate, placement and form of the starter N must be optimized to benefit pea yield and protein without detrimental effects on germination and nodulation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended guiding starter nitrogen application by soil nitrate.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- application of starter N must be guided by the soil nitrate contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of starter N must be guided by the soil nitrate content”
t0“dry pea (Pisum sativum Linn.)”
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nitrogen · yield · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results differ
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See all 35 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.