Abstract
Vegetative-reproductive phase change is an indispensable event which guarantees several aspects of successful meristem behaviour and organ development. Antirrhinum majus undergoes drastic changes of shoot architecture during the phase change, including phyllotactic change and leaf type alteration from opposite decussate to spiral. However, the regulation mechanism in both of phyllotactic morphology changes is still unclear. Here, the Solexa/Illumina RNA-seq high-throughput sequencing was used to evaluate the global changes of transcriptome levels among four node regions during phyllotactic development. More than 86,315,782 high quality reads were sequenced and assembled into 58,509 unigenes. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were classified into 118 pathways described in the KEGG database. Based on the heat-map analysis, a large number of DEGs were overwhelmingly distributed in the hormone signal pathway as well as the carbohydrate biosynthesis and metabolism. The quantitative real time (qRT)-PCR results indicated that most of DEGs were highly up-regulated in the swapping regions of phyllotactic morphology. Moreover, transcriptions factors (TFs) with high transcripts were also identified, controlling the phyllotactic morphology by the regulation of hormone and sugar-metabolism signal pathways. A number of DEGs did not align with any databases and might be novel genes involved in the phyllotactic development. These genes will serve as an invaluable genetic resource for understanding the molecular mechanism of the phyllotactic development.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Antirrhinum majus changes phyllotaxy and leaf type from opposite decussate to spiral during phase change.
- Taxon
- Antirrhinum majus
Antirrhinum majuse0 - Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- phyllotactic change and leaf type alteration from opposite decussate to spirale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antirrhinum majus undergoes drastic changes of shoot architecture during the phase change, including phyllotactic change and leaf type alteration from opposite decussate to spiral”
Claim · model-written summary
Node transcriptome sequencing produced 58,509 unigenes.
- Taxon
- Antirrhinum majusAntirrhinum majuse1
- Outcome
- unigenese0
- Value
- 58,509e0
- Qualifier
- 86,315,782 high quality readse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More than 86,315,782 high quality reads were sequenced and assembled into 58,509 unigenes”
t0“Antirrhinum”
e1“Antirrhinum majus undergoes drastic changes of shoot architecture during the phase change, including phyllotactic change and leaf type alteration from opposite decussate to spiral”
Claim · model-written summary
Differentially expressed genes were classified into 118 KEGG pathways.
- Taxon
- Antirrhinum majusAntirrhinum majuse1
- Gene
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Outcome
- pathwayse0
- Value
- 118 pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were classified into 118 pathways described in the KEGG database”
t0“Antirrhinum”
e1“Antirrhinum majus undergoes drastic changes of shoot architecture during the phase change, including phyllotactic change and leaf type alteration from opposite decussate to spiral”
Claim · model-written summary
Many differentially expressed genes were distributed in hormone signalling and carbohydrate biosynthesis and metabolism pathways.
- Taxon
- Antirrhinum majusAntirrhinum majuse1
- Gene
- DEGse0
- Outcome
- DEGs were overwhelmingly distributed in the hormone signal pathway as well as the carbohydrate biosynthesis and metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a large number of DEGs were overwhelmingly distributed in the hormone signal pathway as well as the carbohydrate biosynthesis and metabolism”
t0“Antirrhinum”
e1“Antirrhinum majus undergoes drastic changes of shoot architecture during the phase change, including phyllotactic change and leaf type alteration from opposite decussate to spiral”
Claim · model-written summary
Most differentially expressed genes were highly upregulated in phyllotactic morphology swapping regions.
- Taxon
- Antirrhinum majusAntirrhinum majuse1
- Organ / stage
- swapping regions of phyllotactic morphologye0
- Outcome
- DEGse0
- Direction
- highly up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most of DEGs were highly up-regulated in the swapping regions of phyllotactic morphology”
t0“Antirrhinum”
e1“Antirrhinum majus undergoes drastic changes of shoot architecture during the phase change, including phyllotactic change and leaf type alteration from opposite decussate to spiral”
Claim · model-written summary
Highly transcribed transcription factors associated with phyllotactic morphology regulation through hormone and sugar metabolism signalling were identified.
- Taxon
- Antirrhinum majusAntirrhinum majuse1
- Gene
- transcriptions factors (TFs)e0
- Outcome
- high transcriptse0
- Qualifier
- controlling the phyllotactic morphology by the regulation of hormone and sugar-metabolism signal pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transcriptions factors (TFs) with high transcripts were also identified, controlling the phyllotactic morphology by the regulation of hormone and sugar-metabolism signal pathways”
t0“Antirrhinum”
e1“Antirrhinum majus undergoes drastic changes of shoot architecture during the phase change, including phyllotactic change and leaf type alteration from opposite decussate to spiral”
Claim · model-written summary
Some differentially expressed genes lacked database alignments and might be novel phyllotactic development genes.
- Taxon
- Antirrhinum majusAntirrhinum majuse1
- Gene
- DEGse0
- Outcome
- did not align with any databasese0
- Qualifier
- might be novel genes involved in the phyllotactic developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A number of DEGs did not align with any databases and might be novel genes involved in the phyllotactic development”
t0“Antirrhinum”
e1“Antirrhinum majus undergoes drastic changes of shoot architecture during the phase change, including phyllotactic change and leaf type alteration from opposite decussate to spiral”