Abstract
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is the important member of the family Amaryllidaceae (Alliaceae) and widely grown herbaceous biennial vegetable crop. Insect pests and diseases are the major constraints in production and productivity of Onion. The tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (F) is one of the most important insect pests of onion in the Asian tropics. In recent years, farmer's income is declining particularly due to the rising costs of inputs in plant protection. An experiment was carried out at Main Agricultural Research station, Raichur during September 2010 and 2011 in a Randomized Block Design having a plot size of 6.0 m2 area. Bio-efficacy of 11 treatments comprising of organic and chemical treatments were evaluated. Rynaxypyr 18.5% SC was found to be best treatment which recorded 1.18, 0.56, 0.66 and 0.86 Spodoptera larvae per plant at 1, 3, 7 and 14 DAS, respectively. At 3 DAS lufenuron and spinosad 45% SC found to be on par with each other as it recorded 1.2 and 1.3 Spodoptera larvae per plant, respectively. At 7 and 14 DAS rynaxypyr 18.5% SC stood first and was followed by novaluron 10% EC in reducing pest population (1.2 and 1.3 Spodoptera larvae per plant, respectively). In second season also similar trend was noticed. With respect to yield, novaluron 10% EC recorded highest yield of 23.30 t/ha. followed by lufenuron 5% EC (22.6 t/ha) which was on par with spinosad 45% SC which recorded 22.50 t/ha. All the insecticidal treatments recorded increase in marketable yield over untreated check. The cost benefit ratio calculated on the basis of cost of protection for different insecticidal treatments revealed that rynaxypyr 18.5% SC was found superior as it recorded net returns of Rs. 1, 10, 088/-with B: C ratio of 4.08, followed by spinosad 45% SC which recorded net returns of Rs. 1, 08, 892/-with B: C ratio of 4.07.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Rynaxypyr 18.5% SC gave the lowest Spodoptera larval counts per plant at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after spraying among the treatments.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa L.
Allium cepae0 - Treatment
- Rynaxypyr 18.5% SCe3
- Interactor
- Spodoptera litura
Spodoptera liturae1pest - Outcome
- Spodoptera larvae per plante3
- Direction
- lowerinferrede3
- Value
- 1.18, 0.56, 0.66 and 0.86e3
- Comparator
- organic and chemical treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Onion (Allium cepa L.) is the important member of the family Amaryllidaceae (Alliaceae)”
e1“The tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (F) is one of the most important insect pests of onion in the Asian tropics”
e2“Bio-efficacy of 11 treatments comprising of organic and chemical treatments were evaluated”
e3“Rynaxypyr 18.5% SC was found to be best treatment which recorded 1.18, 0.56, 0.66 and 0.86 Spodoptera larvae per plant at 1, 3, 7 and 14 DAS, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Lufenuron and spinosad 45% SC gave on-par Spodoptera larval counts at 3 days after spraying.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa L.Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- lufenurone4
- Interactor
- Spodoptera lituraSpodoptera liturae1pest
- Outcome
- Spodoptera larvae per plante4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Value
- 1.2 and 1.3e4
- Comparator
- spinosad 45% SCe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Onion (Allium cepa L.) is the important member of the family Amaryllidaceae (Alliaceae)”
e1“The tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (F) is one of the most important insect pests of onion in the Asian tropics”
e4“At 3 DAS lufenuron and spinosad 45% SC found to be on par with each other as it recorded 1.2 and 1.3 Spodoptera larvae per plant, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Novaluron 10% EC reduced pest population at 7 and 14 days after spraying, following rynaxypyr 18.5% SC.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa L.Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- novaluron 10% ECe5
- Interactor
- Spodoptera lituraSpodoptera liturae1pest
- Outcome
- pest populatione5
- Direction
- reducinge5
- Value
- 1.2 and 1.3e5
- Comparator
- rynaxypyr 18.5% SCe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Onion (Allium cepa L.) is the important member of the family Amaryllidaceae (Alliaceae)”
e1“The tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (F) is one of the most important insect pests of onion in the Asian tropics”
e5“At 7 and 14 DAS rynaxypyr 18.5% SC stood first and was followed by novaluron 10% EC in reducing pest population (1.2 and 1.3 Spodoptera larvae per plant, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Novaluron 10% EC gave the highest yield of 23.30 t/ha among the treatments.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa L.Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- novaluron 10% ECe6
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 23.30 t/hae6
- Comparator
- organic and chemical treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Onion (Allium cepa L.) is the important member of the family Amaryllidaceae (Alliaceae)”
e2“Bio-efficacy of 11 treatments comprising of organic and chemical treatments were evaluated”
e6“With respect to yield, novaluron 10% EC recorded highest yield of 23.30 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Lufenuron 5% EC yield of 22.6 t/ha was on par with spinosad 45% SC at 22.50 t/ha.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa L.Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- lufenuron 5% ECe7
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
- Value
- 22.6 t/hae7
- Comparator
- spinosad 45% SCe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Onion (Allium cepa L.) is the important member of the family Amaryllidaceae (Alliaceae)”
e2“Bio-efficacy of 11 treatments comprising of organic and chemical treatments were evaluated”
e6“With respect to yield, novaluron 10% EC recorded highest yield of 23.30 t/ha”
e7“followed by lufenuron 5% EC (22.6 t/ha) which was on par with spinosad 45% SC which recorded 22.50 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
All insecticidal treatments increased marketable yield of onion over the untreated check.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa L.Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- insecticidal treatmentse3
- Outcome
- marketable yielde3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Comparator
- untreated checke3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Onion (Allium cepa L.) is the important member of the family Amaryllidaceae (Alliaceae)”
e3“All the insecticidal treatments recorded increase in marketable yield over untreated check”
Claim · model-written summary
Rynaxypyr 18.5% SC was superior in net returns, Rs. 1, 10, 088, compared with spinosad 45% SC.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa L.Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- rynaxypyr 18.5% SCe4
- Outcome
- net returnse4
- Direction
- superiore4
- Value
- Rs. 1, 10, 088/-e4
- Comparator
- spinosad 45% SCe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Onion (Allium cepa L.) is the important member of the family Amaryllidaceae (Alliaceae)”
e4“rynaxypyr 18.5% SC was found superior as it recorded net returns of Rs. 1, 10, 088/-with B: C ratio of 4.08”
e5“followed by spinosad 45% SC which recorded net returns of Rs. 1, 08, 892/-with B: C ratio of 4.07”
Claim · model-written summary
Rynaxypyr 18.5% SC was superior in benefit-cost ratio, 4.08, compared with spinosad 45% SC.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa L.Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- rynaxypyr 18.5% SCe4
- Outcome
- B: C ratioe4
- Direction
- superiore4
- Value
- 4.08e4
- Comparator
- spinosad 45% SCe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Onion (Allium cepa L.) is the important member of the family Amaryllidaceae (Alliaceae)”
e4“rynaxypyr 18.5% SC was found superior as it recorded net returns of Rs. 1, 10, 088/-with B: C ratio of 4.08”
e5“followed by spinosad 45% SC which recorded net returns of Rs. 1, 08, 892/-with B: C ratio of 4.07”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad 45% SC had lower net returns, Rs. 1, 08, 892, than rynaxypyr 18.5% SC.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa L.Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- spinosad 45% SCe5
- Outcome
- net returnse5
- Direction
- lowerinferrede5
- Value
- Rs. 1, 08, 892/-e5
- Comparator
- rynaxypyr 18.5% SCe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Onion (Allium cepa L.) is the important member of the family Amaryllidaceae (Alliaceae)”
e4“rynaxypyr 18.5% SC was found superior as it recorded net returns of Rs. 1, 10, 088/-with B: C ratio of 4.08”
e5“followed by spinosad 45% SC which recorded net returns of Rs. 1, 08, 892/-with B: C ratio of 4.07”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad 45% SC had a lower benefit-cost ratio, 4.07, than rynaxypyr 18.5% SC.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa L.Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- spinosad 45% SCe5
- Outcome
- B: C ratioe5
- Direction
- lowerinferrede5
- Value
- 4.07e5
- Comparator
- rynaxypyr 18.5% SCe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Onion (Allium cepa L.) is the important member of the family Amaryllidaceae (Alliaceae)”
e4“rynaxypyr 18.5% SC was found superior as it recorded net returns of Rs. 1, 10, 088/-with B: C ratio of 4.08”
e5“followed by spinosad 45% SC which recorded net returns of Rs. 1, 08, 892/-with B: C ratio of 4.07”
The same questions in other papers
spinosad · yield · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
insecticide · quality: postharvest · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.